1. Match the word with an appropriate meaning:
(Поєднати слова з їх відповідними значеннями)
1. An earthquake 5. A flood
2. A hurricane 6. A drought
3. A tornado 7. An avalanche 4. A volcano 8. A tsunami
a) ___ is a large amount of water which covers a place that is usually dry land.
b) ___
c) ___
d) ___
speed.
e) ___
gases are thrown from the crater.
f) ___ is a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water. g) ___ is a large amount of sea water, moving towards the coast.
is a sudden shaking of the ground.
is a very violent wind or storm.
is a very violent wind in the form of a funnel of air that spins at great
is a mountain with a hole called a crater in the top. Sometimes lava and
h) ___ is a heavy fall of snow and ice coming down a mountain.
2. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct ending.
(Знайти закінчення речення)
1. Tornadoes consist of ...
a) large clouds and terrible sounds; b) very strong winds.
2. Bright flashes of lightning ...
a) are seen from the distance;
b) blow down everything on their way.
3. Tornadoes are dangerous because ...
a) they occur in spring;
b) they destroy houses and pick up everything they can.
3. Write the test.
(Обрати та записати повністю правильну відповідь)
1. The storm ... hundreds of houses. a) destroyed
b) saved c) occured
2. Zakarpattya usually suffers from ... a) earthquakes
b) floods
c) typhoons
3. After the floods, the polluted water was a serious ... to publiс health. a) hazard
b) chance c) disease
4. The drought could affect ...
a) the disaster and environment
b) the crisis and population decrease c) the crop and wildlife
5. Another word for a natural disaster is a natural ... a) catastrophe
b) accident c) misfortune
6. Many ... are trained beforehand in order to save people in the time of natural or manmade disasters.
a) washers
b) rescuers
c) firefighters
7. What of the following words are natural disasters? a) floods
b) gas explosion c) airplane crash d) typhoon
8. Put the most frequent natural disasters in Ukraine.
a) floods, blizzard, tornado, flood, typhoon
b) forest fire, hurricane, earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption c) wind damage, avalanche, forest fire, landslide, drought
d) floods, forest fire, wind damage, landslide, earthquakes
9. What is the international request for help used by ship captains and airplane pilots if they are having problems?
a) marchday b) aprilday
c) mayday d) juneday
10. Nowadays scientists can ... some disasters. a) prevent
b) determine c) prepare d) predict
2) Much of the equipment in the office needs updating.
3) A car is a means of transport.
4) How many cigarettes do you smoke a day?
5) When I got to the theatre, they were already playing the second act.
6) Unusual facts, marvels are called phenomena.
7) The brown sweater is the best.
8) That was the most interesting movie I have ever seen.
9) Uncle Carl is really a sweet old man.
10) Which is the longest river, the Dnipro or the Dnister?
11) Fanny can sew dresses so well.
12) Taras drives dangerously.
13) Those apples look delicious. May I have one?
14) She often sneaks out of the house quietly.
15) I absolutely refuse to stay here any longer.
Muscle Contraction: Muscles are made up of bundles of individual muscle fibers. When these muscle fibers receive signals from the nervous system, they contract, which means they shorten and generate force. This contraction is the primary mechanism by which muscles create movement.
Muscle Groups and Antagonistic Pairs: Muscles often work in groups and pairs to create coordinated movements. For example, when you bend your arm at the elbow, the biceps muscle contracts, while the triceps muscle relaxes. These muscles are known as antagonistic pairs, as they have opposing actions.
Tendons and Bones: Muscles are attached to bones via tendons, which are strong connective tissues. When a muscle contracts, it pulls on the attached tendon, which, in turn, pulls on the bone, causing movement around the joint.
Muscle Fiber Types: Our muscles consist of different types of muscle fibers, including slow-twitch fibers and fast-twitch fibers. Slow-twitch fibers are responsible for endurance activities and sustained contractions, while fast-twitch fibers generate more force and are involved in quick, powerful movements.
Muscle Synergies: Multiple muscles often work together in a coordinated manner to perform complex movements. These muscle synergies involve the activation and synchronization of various muscle groups to produce smooth and efficient motions.
Fine Motor Control: In addition to larger movements, our muscles also enable fine motor control. Small, intricate movements, such as typing on a keyboard or holding a pen, require precise coordination of muscles and motor units to execute precise actions.