29 Choose the correct answer.
***
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
was born on May 29th, 1917.
Massachussets, USA.
He studied at Harvard
hrersity. then (1) ... A... the
US Navy in 1941 where he
29d until 1945.
John F. Kennedy planned
a journalist and his
oder brother, Joe, planned to be
a politician, but when Joe (3)
in the war, the farnily
Boected John to follow a career
politics instead. He was a Suc-
si politician (4) he cared about his country and its people.
On September 12th, 1953, John F. Kennedy married Jacqueline
Bouvier. They were happy together and had two children.
arie Kennedy was (5) beautiful and glamorous that the
whole of America loved her.
John F. Kennedy became the 35th President of the USA in 1960 -
be youngest man ever (6)
He worked very hard, and
was very popular at home and abroad.
On Friday, 22nd November, 1963, however, John F. Kennedy
was shot and killed (8) he and Jackie were travelling through
Dallas in an open top car. The people of America will never forget him.
y
e
***
C was joining
C be
C was killed
1 A joined
B had joined
2 A being
B to be
3 A had been killed B has been killed
4 A because B although
5 A such
B such a
6 A to elect
B to be elected
7 A as a result B whereas
3 A as
B after
CSO
CSO
C being elected
Chowever
C until
She said to us " Do it as soon as you can". She told us a) to do it as soon as we could.
Direct-indirect conversion
При переводе прямой речи в косвенную, временная форма сдвигается на шаг в кроме следующих случаев:
1. Если слова автора в настоящем или будущем времени. He will say that he has been there before. Он скажет, что уже был здесь.
2. Действие в Past Perfect (Continuous) или в Future-in-the-Past.
3. Обстоятельства времени не изменились. He said that he bought it yesterday. Он сказал, что купил это вчера.
4. Утверждение всегда верно. The teacher said that water boils at 100 C. Учитель сказал, что вода кипит при ста градусах.
5. Утверждение верно длительный период времени или в текущем отрезке времени. She said that she loves you. Она сказала, что любит тебя.
6. Сообщение повторяется сразу же. He said that the food is delicious. Он сказал, что еда изыскана.
7. В условных предложениях 2 типа. He said that if he were you, he wouldn’t do that. Он сказал, что на твоём месте он не стал бы этого делать.
8. Желаемые события. She said she wished she were younger. Она о том, что она не моложе.
9. Глагол ought to. He said they ought to be careful. Он сказал, что им следует быть осторожней.
10. Глагол must в значении «должно быть». He said that they must be at home. Он сказал, что они должно быть дома.
Для передачи общих вопросов используется if или whether. Вопросительные предложения передаются с прямым порядком слов: He asked me if/whether they were at home. С глаголом-связкой порядок может быть обратным: He asked me what was the price.
При сдвиге временной формы глагола в в косвенной речи, по ситуации, изменяются обстоятельства места и времени, местоимения, а также, происходит отстранение от эмоций:
this – that, these – those, here – there, now - then (at that moment, at once, immediately), come – go, today – (on) that day, yesterday – the day before(earlier), tomorrow - (on) the next (following) day, last week – the week before, ago - before(earlier), next week – the next (following) week, now that – since, so – very, yes/no – answered in the positive/negative, he - that man, we - they, come - go.
Если из прямой речи лицо не известно, используется местоимение they, а в словах автора wanted to know, wondered:
He said: “Come here”. – He told them to come up to him.
He said: “Where are you going?” – He wanted to know/wondered where they were going.