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21.07.2020 11:37 •  Английский язык

3.3. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Stem Structure and Function
The stem of a plant has several important functions. It carries water and minerals to the leaves and the flowers. The stem also transports food between the leaves and the roots.
In addition, the stem supports the aboveground parts of a plant. Examination of a bare woody stem will give you a great deal of information about stems. Look at the woody stem. At the tip of this stem and along the side you will notice several structures called buds. The second picture (figure 1.6) shows a longitudinal section of a bud. The outer layers of a bud are called bud scales, which are modified leaves that form a protective covering. If you were to peel away the bud scales, you would find a soft mass of green tissue. This tissue is called the shoot apex. In this part of the bud, cell division occurs and new tissues are produced. Notice that new leaves of the plant can form at the shoot apex.
Not all buds are the same. Notice in the picture of the woody stem that the bud at the shoot tip is called a terminal bud. It usually develops before other buds form. Growth at the terminal bud results in the lengthening of the stem. Leaves and flowers can also arise from the terminal bud. Buds growing along the sides of a stem are called lateral buds. New branches, as well as leaves and flowers, develop from lateral buds.
Each growing season, the terminal bud opens, and the bud scales drop off, leaving a ring of marks around the stem. Notice these bud-scalescars on the stem in the picture. By measuring the length of the stem between the bud-scalescars, you can find out how much the stem grew in length each growing season. Buds are dormant between growing seasons.
A node is the place on a stem where a leaf or a bud arises. The section of the stem between nodes is called an internode. At a node, you can see a leaf scar, the point where an ass a leaf was once attached. Leaf scars can be shaped somewhat like half-moons. If you look closely at leaf scars; you will see tiny spots called bundle scars. These scars are the ends of bundles of vascular tissue that ran from the stem to the leaf stalk.
In many places on the surface of a woody stem, the bark has small, round openings. These holes are called lenticels. 7 function is to allow the exchange of gases, such as water vapor, between the atmosphere and the tissues of the stem.
ответьте на вопросы по тексту (упр. 3.3):
1.What are the most important functions of a stem?
2.What can one see at the tip and along the sides of a stem?
3.What are bud scales?
4.In which part of the bud are new tissues produced?
5.What kinds of buds do you know?
6.What is the difference and lateral buds?
7.Can you find out how much the stem grew in length during the growing season? How?
8.What is the difference between a leaf scar and a bundle scar?
9.What kind of function do lenticels fulfill?
3.12. Укажите, являются ли данные утверждения истинными или ложными в соответствии с содержанием текста (упр. 3.3):
1.The stem absorbs water and minerals from soil.
2.One of the main functions of a stem is to transport food between the leaves and the roots.
3.Bud scales are the inner layers of a bud.
4.Having peeled away the bud scales, one can find a soft mass of green tissue, called the shoot apex.
5.Leaves and flowers can arise from both terminal and lateral buds.
6.Buds continue growing between growing seasons.
7.An internode is a section of a stem between nodes.
8.At leaf scars one can see bundle scars.
9.The bark of a woody stem has small round openings, called budscale scars.
10.Lenticels provide the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the tissues of the stem.
Расположите пункты плана в логической последовательности на основании содержания текста (упр. 3.3):
1.The structure of a bud
2.Lenticels no
3.Major functions of a stem
4.Buds during and between growing seasons
5.Terminal and lateral buds
6.A node
3.15.Пользуясь планом, полученным в упр. 3.14, подготовьте краткий пересказ текста (упр. 3.3).
3.16.Подготовьте рассказ на предложенную тему:
Speak on the topic: «I have chosen the job of a forester because…».
Highlight a few points that make this job attractive to you. Use the following phrases:
to like working outdoors;
to travel across the countryside because of the job;
to plant trees and watch them grow;
to improve the appearance and health of trees;
to see the results of the work gradually;
to have attractive surroundings full of living trees, bushes and grass;
to remain fit and healthy.