6. Read the text and choose the right option. Kids and their Brothers and Sisters Jenny has got two brothers, Richard and Don. Richard is thirteen and Don is sixteen. Many girls in her class think it's great to have big brothers. But Jenny thinks Richard is a pest (Bpeanha). He is very unfair. He says she can't watch TV late in the evening and she can't play on his computer when he's not at home. And he calls her "Baby"! Don is really nice. At weekends he plays table tennis with her. Sometimes he buys ice cream or chewing gum for her. Jenny would like to have an elder sister. She thinks it would be great going shopping with her. And she would help her with her homework. Benny has got a sister Laura. Laura is sixteen. Benny likes her and she likes him. When she has no homework, she plays cards with him. But not at weekends. Then she goes out with her friends. Benny's best friend is Phill. He sits next to Benny at school. He has no broth- ers or sisters, but he has two lovely dogs. In the afternoon he often goes to the park with them. There they can run and play. Janet is the girl Benny likes best. She lives next door. She has an elder sister. Her name's Emily. And she has three younger brothers. They always make a lot of noise. So Janet often comes to his place to watch TV or play games,
Earth is a beautiful living planet of the Universe as the common habitat of more than 7 billion human population & millions of species of biodiversity. Our Earth provides us with food, shelter & with most of our requirements.
Despite unavoidable free services provided by earth to humans, we are not being able to pay off her kindness to us. Rather we humans are being cruel to our Earth by our selfish activities. Mahatma Gandhi said, “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.”
Every day we produce tons of degradable & non-degradable wastes & throw them anywhere recklessly. Smoke & harmful gases from our homes, vehicles or industries are suffocating her. We are disposing of dirty sewage, drainage and even chemicals recklessly, although we know that more than 7 billion humans along with all plants and animals in this world rely on water for their lives. If we aren’t concentrated on saving those water resources then in near future water may be as expensive as PETROL or one-day people may die due to thirst. Despite huge noise by our jumbo population itself, we use loudspeakers for our entertainment & industries, airplanes or other noisy vehicles for our luxury. We destroy forests for agriculture & settlement. We build huge buildings, roads & factories beyond her carrying capacity. The establishment of nuclear reactors vastly affects the environment & human lives.
Harmful gases emitted by ACs, refrigerators, industries & vehicles are depleting ozone layer & increasing our exposure to very harmful UV rays of sun leading us towards various skin diseases, eye cataract & even cancer. Wastes like plastics & other non-degradable wastes like insecticides, pesticides, chemical fertilizers etc. highly degrade soil quality & decrease agricultural products & kills soil microorganisms & decomposers. Water pollution increases the risk of water-borne diseases like cholera, dysentery etc. and lead & arsenic highly degrade our mental ability & causes the extinction of many aquatic animals. Air pollution causes airborne diseases like asthma in humans & animals and disturbs whole metabolism process in plants. Noise pollution causes insomnia & heart diseases in humans. Deforestation is leading to natural calamities like floods, soil erosion etc, temperature increase and changed rainfall distribution, drought, loss of valuable biodiversity, decreased oxygen density etc. The burning issues in the world at present are “Climate Change & Greenhouse Effect”.
Solutions to environmental problems are not impossible for superior creatures like humans, if they are committed. As a youth & global citizen, I too have the responsibilities to my mother earth. My first role in nature is to reduce my own carbon footprint via eco-friendly activities. Then, I can form a GREEN ORGANIZATION along with some other energetic youths to raise awareness in my peer circle, neighbourhood & the community about environment sanitation by changing degradable wastes into compost manure & by 3R principle (reduce, reuse & recycle) of non-degradable wastes. I can create workshops with local people that air pollution can be controlled by replacing household energy sources like coal, firewood etc. by biogas, electricity or solar energy & we can negotiate with factory owners & vehicle owners to use dust & smoke purification systems in industries & vehicles & we can encourage them to use solar-energy based industries & vehicles.
We can organize environment sanitation programs & afforestation programs in barren lands. We youths can appeal the government to bring eco-friendly development policies & proper planning of cities. We can organize orientation programs about climate change, its causes, and effects & mitigation measures in schools & colleges to induce other youths towards conservation of nature. Youths can initiate the concept of “Payment of Ecosystem services (PES)” in society & emphasize homestay tourism in the villages. As a student of the forestry sector, I have the responsibility to aware local people about the importance of forests & effects of deforestation along with the new concept of carbon trade via REDD++ programs.
Thus, for the sustainability of our planet, I promise to fulfil my responsibilities towards Mother Nature as a global citizen so as to protect my living planet from deterioration & to handover clean & green planet to our future generations. Maybe our single efforts may seem small but if thousands of youths can unite together towards nature conservation then one day our efforts will be a drastic step to protect our motherland Earth from destruction
2. Who RANG you up an hour ago?
3. He LIVES on the third floor.
4. DID it TAKE you long to find his house yesterday?
5. When WILL your lessons BE over on Monday? или When ARE/WERE your lessons over on Monday?
6. I HAD dinner with my family yesterday.
7. Her friends WERE/WILL BE ready at five o'clock.
8. One of her brothers MADE a tour of Europe last summer.
9. Queen Elizabeth II WAS born in 1926. She BECAME the Queen of England in 1952.
10. DO you always GET up at seven o'clock? — No, sometimes I GET up at half past seven.