A.By 1610 the Italian astronomer, Galileo Galilei, had built a telescope that see Jupiter. Near the planet he noticed some stars. He discovered that they were actually moons travelling around Jupiter. This proved that
the Earth was not the center of the universe, and this changed astronomy and science forever.
B. On a clear night, you can see about 2500 stars. During the day, you can see only the Sun. The light from the
Sun takes eight minutes to get to the Earth.
C.The Moon goes through lunar cycle from new moon to full moon, and back to new moon in 29.53days. We
can see the Moon because sunlight reflects from its surface. But when the Earth goes between the Sun and the
Moon, it blocks the light and the Moon appears to be a dark reddish colour.This is called a lunar eclipse.
Read the text again and find words that match the meanings below.
A. a piece of equipment that you can look through to make things that are far away appear nearer (paragraph
A)
B. shining strongly (paragraph B)
C. the top or outside part of something (paragraph C)
Read the sentences and write T for True, F for False.
1. Galileo discovered Jupiter’s moons.
2. You can see stars during the day.
3. A lunar eclipse happens once every year.
In Brief:
The effects of human-caused global warming are happening now, are irreversible on the timescale of people alive today, and will worsen in the decades to come.
Global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and lakes is breaking up earlier, plant and animal ranges have shifted and trees are flowering sooner.
Effects that scientists had predicted in the past would result from global climate change are now occurring: loss of sea ice, accelerated sea level rise and longer, more intense heat waves.
Taken as a whole, the range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Scientists have high confidence that global temperatures will continue to rise for decades to come, largely due to greenhouse gases produced by human activities. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which includes more than 1,300 scientists from the United States and other countries, forecasts a temperature rise of 2.5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit over the next century.
According to the IPCC, the extent of climate change effects on individual regions will vary over time and with the ability of different societal and environmental systems to mitigate or adapt to change.
The IPCC predicts that increases in global mean temperature of less than 1.8 to 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit (1 to 3 degrees Celsius) above 1990 levels will produce beneficial impacts in some regions and harmful ones in others. Net annual costs will increase over time as global temperatures increase.
"Taken as a whole," the IPCC states, "the range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time." 1-2
Future Effects
Some of the long-term effects of global climate change in the United States are as follows, according to the Third and Fourth National Climate Assessment Reports:
Change Will Continue Through This Century and Beyond
Global climate is projected to continue to change over this century and beyond.
Global climate is projected to continue to change over this century and beyond. The magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades depends primarily on the amount of heat-trapping gases emitted globally, and how sensitive the Earth’s climate is to those emissions.
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