As mentioned above x-rays were in a wide use for diagnostic purposes in medicine since their discovery. industrial radiology has been discovered later particularly for inspecting welds and castings in the automobile and airplane industries. flaws and cracks inside the metal are readily revealed due to the use of x-ray techniques. famous paintings are often x-rayed to determine whether they are the originals or forgeries. (3) using x-rays irradiation the scientists have learnt to change structures of well-known materials such as metals, ceramics, etc. they could obtain materials of greater strength with higher melting point and particular electrical properties. radiation is known to be a mutagenic agent. in microbiology mutations are increased by irradiation. when a large-scale production of penicillin was introduced the best strain (4) yielded 100-200 units of penicillin. being irradiated with x-rays, the same strain produced more than 1, 000 units. many new uses have been found for this treatment in agriculture.
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