Exercise 1.3. Complete the sentences using the speech patterns in brackets below.
(as well as; whether or not; whether … or not; when; while; such that;
it is/was … that/who; of what; on what; that is)
1. I don’t know … I like it … because I haven’t tried it before. 2. …
my question … made him angry. 3. The air traffic service unit should
provide the flight crew with any information requested … any
additional relevant information. 4. … making a conscious effort to
memorize something, many people engage in ‘rote rehearsal’ repeating
it over and over again. 5. Discrete optimization aims at taking
decisions … a given function is maximized (for example revenue) or
minimized (for example cost). 6. A scratchcard is a ticket that reveals
… the holder is eligible for a prize when the surface is removed by
scratching. 7. … congratulating ourselves on what has been
accomplished over the last twenty years, we should remember
gratefully the services of many people. 8. Qualcomm, a company in
San Diego, recently introduced Snapdragon, a chip created for
smartphones … for ultralight computers. 9. Computer programming is
issuing a sequence of commands to a computer to achieve an
objective, … to make a computer perform calculations on numerical
data. 10. Petroleum products come from one source – crude oil found
below the earth’s surface … under large bodies of water. 11. The
architect believed that buildings are most interesting … still
unfinished. 12. He was known for his ill temper … everyone disliked
him. 13. It depends … you want. 14. … he/him … has done it. 15.
Compilers are not designed to provide cryptographic protection for
source code … decompilers to defeat the obfuscators. 16.
Possession refers to the physical control or occupancy of land,
property, etc. … accompanied by ownership. 17. Many people today
telecommunicate – …, use their computers to stay in touch with the
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office … working at home. 18. The contractors that renovated the
building left the original concrete floors … installing industrial-
looking steel walls. 19. … John von Neumann … put forward the idea
of a stored-program computer. 20. Waste is anything rejected as
useless, worthless, or in excess … is required. 21. The natural numbers
are closed with respect to addition and multiplication – …, the sum
and product of two natural numbers are always natural numbers.
22. The article deals with some problems of fault-tolerant software
development … with the ways of their solution. 23. … a silly fish … is
caught twice with the same bait. 24. You’ll find these gloves quite
handy … working in the garden. 25. Hummingbirds are the only birds
capable of flying backwards … forward, up and down.
Становление и развитие казахской государственности в регионе средневекового Казахстана имело важнейшее значение для сложения и консолидации, сохранения целостности казахского этноса на длительном пути его развития. Письменные источники содержат достоверные сведения о крупном позднесредневсковом государстве — Казахском ханстве, игравшем заметную роль в регионе Центральной Азии, в системе государств евразийских народов. С середины XV в. и до начала XVII в. Казахское ханство было фактически единым политическим организмом, отличавшимся большей или меньшей степенью стабильности. Оно пережило время становления, подъема и упадка, а в XVII в. распалось на отдельные ханства (в территориальных пределах жузов). Территория ханства неоднократно меняла свои очертания под влиянием главным образом внешнеполитических событий, но почти всегда в пределах расселения казахского этноса — (Яика),отАлтая и Тянь-Шаня до Каспия и Арала. Хотя, разумеется, в средневековье этнические и государственные территории казахов, как и других народов региона, как правило не совпадали.
Территория Казахского ханства в XV—XVII вв. по данным источников того времени была на разных этапах меньше этнической территории казахов, территории их расселения как в оседлых районах, так и в пределах основных пастбищ и границ кочевых маршрутов Старшего, Среднего и Младшего жузов.
Объяснение:
Present Perfect:1They have gone-Они ушли2 She has already finished-Она уже закончила3 I have been to London-Я был в Лондоне4 We have played -Мы сыграли5 He has come- Он пришел6 Bill has eaten his sandwich -Билл съел свой сэндвич7 Mary has already read the book- Мэри уже прочитала книгу8 We have told them-Мы рассказали им9 He has written a number of letters-Он написал несколько писем10 They have left us a message- Они оставили нам сообщениеPresent Perfect1.It has been raining all day long. 2.Sorry, I haven't been listening to you. 3.Your clothes are all dirty. 4.How long have you owned this house?.5.She has been thinking about your offer all night long.6.I have been having strange dreams for about three weeks.