Partial renewal or renewal of components comprises the intermediate renewal1 of
major or minor components - switches, crossings, worn rails, insulating rail-joints, etc.
- Day-to-day maintenance includes maintenance of desirable standards of all com-
ponents of railway track and alignment which can be done mechanically or manually.
(3) Day-to-day maintenance includes tamping, lining, patrolling and other tasks.
Complete renewal as well as earthworks and reballasting require both temporary speed re-
strictions (TSRs) and ’abnormal’ possession of the fine. Earthworks, reballasting and day-
to-day maintenance may require ‘abnormal’ possessions only, while partial renewal of
components requires, at the worst, a ‘normal’ possession.
(4) A ‘normal’ possession is one which requires no alteration to regular services. An
‘abnormal’ possession does require alterations, and sometimes it may take up to 50 hours
to carry out this work. Generally, a weekend ‘abnormal’ possession lasts some 15-20
hours.
Note: 1) intermediate renewal – средний ремонт.
Ex. 7. Search the text for the English equivalents of the following Russian
phrases:
записывай бедолага
Объяснение:
1. I bought potatoes yesterday. -POTATOES WERE BOUGHT BY US YESTERDAY
2. We shall bring the books tomorrow. -THE BOOKS WILL BE BROUGHT BY USTOMORROW
3. They are repairing the clock now. -THE CLOCK IS BEING REPAIRED BY THEM NOW
4. They sell milk in the shop. -MILK IS SOLD BY THEM IN THE SHOP
5. I have translated the whole text. -THE WHOLE TEXT HAS BEEN TRANLSATED
6. When I came home they had eaten the sweets. -THE SWEETS HAD BEEN EATEN BY THEMWHEN I CAME HOME
7. We shall do the work in the evening.-THE WORK WILL BE DONE BY US IN THE EVENING
8. He wrote his book in the 19th century. -THE BOOK WAS WRITTEN BY HIM IN THE 19TH CENTURY
9. They were playing tennis from 3 till 5. -TENNIS WAS BEING PLAYED BY THEM FROM 3 TILL 5
10. He has stolen a lot of money. -A LOT OF MONEY HAS BEEN STOLEN BY HIM
11. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees. -ALL THE TREES HAD BEEN PLANTED BY THE MIDDLE OF AUTUMN
12. They are building a new cinema house in our street. - A NEW CINEMA HOUSE IS BEING BUILT BY THEM IN OUR STREET
13. By six o'clock they had finished work. -THE WORK HAD BEEN FINISHED BY THEM BY 6 O'CLOCK
14. We have been looking for you the whole mOrning. -YOU HAVE BEEN BEEN LOOKING BY US THE WHOLE MORNING
15. She showed him the way to the metro station. -THE WAY TO THE METRO STATION WAS SHOWED HIM BY HER
16. We send our daughter to rest in the South every year. -OUR DAUGHTER IS SENT TO REST IN THE SOUTH EVERY YEAR BY US
17. They will show this film on TV. -THIS FILM WILL BE SHOWN ON TV BY THEM
18. They have forgotten the story. -THE STORY HAS BEEN FORGOTTEN BY THEM
Partial renewal or renewal of components comprises the intermediate renewal1 of
major or minor components - switches, crossings, worn rails, insulating rail-joints, etc.
- Day-to-day maintenance includes maintenance of desirable standards of all com-
ponents of railway track and alignment which can be done mechanically or manually.
(3) Day-to-day maintenance includes tamping, lining, patrolling and other tasks.
Complete renewal as well as earthworks and reballasting require both temporary speed re-
strictions (TSRs) and ’abnormal’ possession of the fine. Earthworks, reballasting and day-
to-day maintenance may require ‘abnormal’ possessions only, while partial renewal of
components requires, at the worst, a ‘normal’ possession.
(4) A ‘normal’ possession is one which requires no alteration to regular services. An
‘abnormal’ possession does require alterations, and sometimes it may take up to 50 hours
to carry out this work. Generally, a weekend ‘abnormal’ possession lasts some 15-20
hours.
Note: 1) intermediate renewal – средний ремонт.
Ex. 7. Search the text for the English equivalents of the following Russian
phrases:
записывай бедолага
Объяснение:
1. I bought potatoes yesterday. -POTATOES WERE BOUGHT BY US YESTERDAY
2. We shall bring the books tomorrow. -THE BOOKS WILL BE BROUGHT BY USTOMORROW
3. They are repairing the clock now. -THE CLOCK IS BEING REPAIRED BY THEM NOW
4. They sell milk in the shop. -MILK IS SOLD BY THEM IN THE SHOP
5. I have translated the whole text. -THE WHOLE TEXT HAS BEEN TRANLSATED
6. When I came home they had eaten the sweets. -THE SWEETS HAD BEEN EATEN BY THEMWHEN I CAME HOME
7. We shall do the work in the evening.-THE WORK WILL BE DONE BY US IN THE EVENING
8. He wrote his book in the 19th century. -THE BOOK WAS WRITTEN BY HIM IN THE 19TH CENTURY
9. They were playing tennis from 3 till 5. -TENNIS WAS BEING PLAYED BY THEM FROM 3 TILL 5
10. He has stolen a lot of money. -A LOT OF MONEY HAS BEEN STOLEN BY HIM
11. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees. -ALL THE TREES HAD BEEN PLANTED BY THE MIDDLE OF AUTUMN
12. They are building a new cinema house in our street. - A NEW CINEMA HOUSE IS BEING BUILT BY THEM IN OUR STREET
13. By six o'clock they had finished work. -THE WORK HAD BEEN FINISHED BY THEM BY 6 O'CLOCK
14. We have been looking for you the whole mOrning. -YOU HAVE BEEN BEEN LOOKING BY US THE WHOLE MORNING
15. She showed him the way to the metro station. -THE WAY TO THE METRO STATION WAS SHOWED HIM BY HER
16. We send our daughter to rest in the South every year. -OUR DAUGHTER IS SENT TO REST IN THE SOUTH EVERY YEAR BY US
17. They will show this film on TV. -THIS FILM WILL BE SHOWN ON TV BY THEM
18. They have forgotten the story. -THE STORY HAS BEEN FORGOTTEN BY THEM