Films and science fiction books have often played with the idea of reproducing exact copies of people. Today, science fiction has become science fact. We have our first real clones, though they are not human beings — yet! The gene revolution began in 1997, when British scientists from Edinburgh University produced the first cloned sheep, Dolly. Since then scientists have cloned mice, cows, dogs and pigs. Cloning animals opens exciting medical possibilities:
— Many people are in need of tissues and organs for transplantation. But it isn't easy to get such organs as, for example, heart, liver or kidneys. Cloning can solve this problem.
— Many animals are on the brink of extinction. Cloning can be used to preserve them.
— Scientists can create animals which produce more milk, meat and wool, or animals which don't catch certain diseases. This can save the lives of starving people.
Cloning is a controversial issue. Some people are ready to eat cloned fruits and vegetables, but many people are against cloning animals. They think it is morally unacceptable. The question of human cloning is even more controversial.
Suppose we cloned a man. Are we really sure he will be a man? Who will be responsible for him? Who will bring him up? Will he be happy? Will he have the same rights as we have?
What would happen if a dictator, someone like Hitler, cloned himself? Would we be able to survive?
Nevertheless, the idea of human cloning seems very exciting.
Match the parts. Write the correct number of the second part (1, 2, 3...):
The first part:
1. Some people are ready to eat cloned fruits and vegetables, but
2. Many people are in need of tissues and
3. Many animals are on the
The second part:
1) the idea of reproducing exact copies of people.
2) become science fact.
3) they are not human beings — yet!
4) Edinburgh University produced the first cloned sheep, Dolly.
5) organs for transplantation.
6) heart, liver or kidneys.
7) brink of extinction.
8) which don't catch certain diseases.
9) many people are against cloning animals.
10) even more controversial.
11) able to survive?
12) cloning seems very exciting.
1. It was very cold yesterday.
2. When did you meet him?
3. I haven't seen him since 2006.
4. How many mushrooms have you gathered?
5. Where have you put the newspaper? I want to read it, but cannot find it anywhere.
6. The new school began working last year.
7. At last, I have done all my homework: now I shall go out.
8. The building of the house began early in April.
9. The rain has stopped but a cold wind is still blowing.
10. We have already solved the problem.
11. Не came a moment ago.
12. I have never spoken to him.
13. Не has just finished his work.
14. Have you made any spelling mistakes in your dictation?
15. What books did you read when you lived in the country?
16. They have not come from the south yet.
17. Не was ill last week, but now he has recovered.
18. If everybody has read this new novel, let's discuss it.
19. Have you booked tickets? Yes, I have. I booked them several days ago.
20. I can hardly recognize you. I haven't seen you since you left for Moscow. And you have changed so much.
The challenges of a sudden boom in tourism
While a growing tourism industry is generally good news for the local economy, a sudden 0.
boom in tourism numbers mean more stress on existing infrastructure, reducing both 1
availability and quality of service for locals. There are also potentially unseen damaging effects 2
on the environment, and these destinations tend to experience almost immediate inflation 3
which could increase social and economical disparities.
4
A boom in tourism does not always benefit anyone in society as the new income generated 5
it takes time to trickle down throughout society. To maintain the balance between growth in
tourism and the well-being travelers' of the local community, sustainability choices need to be made.
At the same time, we had a new generation of travelers growing. They're called millennials, &
These young travelers, between the ages of 16 and 34 are sought new and more meaningful 9
experiences, exploring less touristic spots where, in turn, are not equipped to receive them. 10
These places are often spots that are more traditional and closer to nature, and therefore
less protected. If the operators in these new hotspots won't develop a sustainable tourism 12
agenda, then we would slowly witness the destructive effects mentioned earlier. Here are 13.
some examples: the Phi Phi Islands in Thailand has already suffered from increased destruction 14.
due to mass tourism, while Cozumel in Mexico is now in danger of losing its primitive island
charm and its world-famous scuba diving spots.
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