HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, AND FIRMWAREThe units that are visible in any computer are the physical components of a data processing system, or hardware. Thus, the input, storage, processing, and control devices are hardware. Not visible is the software — the set of computer programs, procedures, and associated documentation that make possible the effective operation of the computer system. Software programs are of two types: systems software and applications software.Systems software are the programs designed to control the operation of a computer system. They do not solve specific problems. They are written to assist people in the use of the computer system by performing tasks, such as controlling all of the operations required, to move data into and out of a computer and all of the steps in executing an applications program. The person who prepares systems software is referred to as a systems programmer. Systems programmers are highly trained specialists and important members of the architectural team.Applications software are the programs written to solve specific problems (applications), such as payroll, inventory control, and investment analysis. The word program usually refers to an applications program, and the word programmer is usually a person who prepares applications software.Often programs, particularly systems software, are stored in an area of memory not used for applications software. These protected programs are stored in an area of memory called read-only memory (ROM), which can be read from but not written on.Firmware is a term that is commonly used to describe certain programs that are stored in ROM. Firmware often refers to a sequence of instructions (software) that is substituted for hardware. For example, in an instance where cost is more important than performance, the computer system architect might decide not to use special electronic circuits (hardware) to multiply two numbers, but instead write instructions (software) to cause the machine to accomplish the same function by repeated use of circuits already designed to perform addition.
Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний.
Видимые устройства; система обработки данных; аппаратное обеспечение; набор компьютерных программ; соответствующая документация; эффективная работа; системное программное обеспечение; прикладное программное обеспечение; системный программист; платежная ведомость; переучет; анализ инвестиций; прикладная программа; работающий только в режиме чтения; постоянное запоминающее устройство; последовательность команд; в случае; производительность; электронная цепь; умножать числа; заставить машину выполнять ту же функцию; выполнять сложение.
1. She has cut herself.
2. I work for myself.
3. They will solve their problems themselves
4. You are not quite yourself today.
5. Will you introduce yourself, young man?
6. Be careful, you can hurt yourself!
7. The party was great. We enjoyed ourselves very much.
8. I’m trying to teach myself English.
9. She likes living by herself
2)
1. Mike said to the policeman that he had lost his identity card
2. Jane said to Dick that Julia didn't live next to him
3. The woman said to the detectivethat she was absolutely sure that she had seen the thief in the house.
4. He said that he had eaten nothing since morning.
5. Tom’s boss said to Tom that he was afraid Tom hadn’t done the work properly.
6. Her brother said to her that they would have plenty of time to do their work.
2 myself
3 themselves
4 yourself
5 yourself
6 yourself
7 ourselves
8 myself
9 herself
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1 Mike said to the policeman that he had lost his identify card
2 Jane said to Dick that Julia didn't live next to her
3 The women said to the detective that she was absolutely sure that she had seen the thief in the house
4 He said that he had eaten nothing since morning
5 Tom's boss said to Tom that he was afraid because Tom hadn't done the work properly
6 Her brother said to her that they would have plenty of time to do their work