In order to prevent cross-infection it is essential to kill all the microorganisms on infected instruments. this process is known as sterilization and means the killing of all microorganisms : bacteria, spores, fungi and viruses. it is carried immediately after completion of treatment so that all instruments are sterile again before use on the next patient.
countless numbers of microorganisms live on the skin and in the mouth, nose and throat. normally they do no harm to their host as they are living on an external surface and not among delicate internal cells. however, they, may become harmful if they are introduced inside the body tissues, or are transferred from one person to another. this can occur when the tissues are penetrated by a contaminated forceps blade, sealer or syringe needle,and may give rise to a harmful reaction. after each patient has left the surgery, it is the nurse's duty to see that all instruments, are properly sterilized before being used, again for another patient.
as already mentioned, sterilization means killing not only bacteria and fungi, but all other microorganisms, including viruses and bacterial spores. any method which kills bacteria and fungi but allows some spores or viruses to survive cannot be called sterilization. the term used for this restricted range of action is disinfection.
1. найти в тексте все имеющиеся причастия настоящего и времени и герундий.
2. найти и выписать предложения, содержащие страдательный залог.
3. определить видео-временную форму глаголов в 1 и 2 предложениях 2 абзаца.
4. ответить на вопросы:
- what is known as sterilization and what does it mean?
- where do countless numbers of microorganisms live?
- when don't microorganisms harm to their host?
- when do they become harmful?
- what is the nurse's duty?
Объяснение:
1)I can't call my brother to play football now. He's studying. - Alright, we'll play without him.
2)This student is a good boy. He studies much and respects the teachers. They're proud him.
3)Whom did you see yesterday in the square?
4)When you give the present to him, what will he say? I think he won't forgive you yet.
5)I can't ask my father now. He hasn't come yet.
6)My brother has already woken up and had some jogging in the yard. Come and see him from the window! He wakes u[ early even in summer, when there is no school. He's a real sportsman!
7)Cut it out! You haven't let the cat out yet! You told him yesterday, didn't you?
8)I'm sorry, no cinema today. I really can't. I have to go with my parents to the restaurant. It's mt father birthday.
9)The train leaves every day at 10.26 sharp. If you come one minute too late, you will miss. By the way, when will you get up tomorrow?
10)Can't you see I'm so busy with me baby? I'll come when I finish with him. In 10 minutes, at most.
11)I really can't do the shopping today. I don't fell well. Will you do it for me? - Of course mum, I will go to the shop, don't worry.
12)It's eleven o'clock, and you still aren't sleeping! Where do you think you'll be? This is not a holiday hotel. Get yourself a job, do something, or I wouldn't cook for you anymore, and I wouldn't give you money for your entertainments!
1.What time do the shops open in Holland?
2. He usually plays football on the weekend.
3. How many years do kangarooms live? Up to 15 years.
4. Penguins have got wings but they can't fly.
5. How many legs has the tiger got?
6. She was born the 2nd August, 1991.
7. Do you usually watch TV in the evening?
8. He always has lunch at 2 o'clock.
9. He never wakes up early on Sundays.
10. He doesn't eat meet. he hates it.
11. How much does a sea lion weigh?
12. What does he do? He is a student.
13. Jane likes cats but she doesn't like dogs.
14. He likes reading, but he doesn't like fishing.
15. The plane arrives at a quarter to seven
16. Do you like your job?
17. She likes Sunday because she goes to the disco.
18. How old are you? I am thirty-nine.
19. What do you do in your free time?