Information Technology Information technology is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware; the capability to electronically input, process, store, output, transmit, and receive data and information as well as the ability to control machines of all kinds electronically.
The term information technology evolved in the 1970s. Its basic concept, however, can be traced to the World War II alliance of the military and industry in the development of electronics, computers, and information theory. After the 1940s, the military remained the major source of research and development funding for the expansion of automation to replace manpower with machine power.
Since the 1950s, four generations of computers have evolved. Each generation reflected a change to hardware of decreased size but increased capabilities to control computer operations. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used integrated circuits, and the fourth used integrated circuits on a single computer chip. Advances in artificial intelligence that will minimize the need for complex programming characterize the fifth generation of computers.
Computers today are divided into four categories by size, cost, and processing ability. They are supercomputer, mainframe, minicomputer, and microcomputer, more commonly known as a personal computer. Personal computer categories include desktop, network, laptop, and handheld.
I. Read the text. For statements (1–5) choose “True” if the statement is true according to the text, “False” if the statement is false:
1. IT is the exploration of data, software and hardware.
2. The concept IT emerged in the nineteen forties.
3. The military financed computerization.
4. Each period of computer development was characterised by various software applications.
5. Computers have five types according to their dimensions, price and performance.
II. For statements (6 – 10) choose the best alternative (A, B or C) to replace the expressions in italics:
6. … design, development, implementation, support or management … (line 1)
A. accomplishment B.operation C. action
7. … input, process, store, output, transmit, and receive data … (line 3)
A. transceive B. transact C. transfer
8. … can be traced to the World War II alliance … (line 6)
A. tracked B. parried C. retracted
9. Advances in artificial intelligence … (line 15)
A. Decreases B. Improvements C. Reductions
10. … include desktop, network, laptop, and handheld … (line 20)
A. handmade B.portable C. cumbersome
III. For questions (11-20) read the text below and decide which word A, B, C or D best fits each gap.
Computer science is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and (1) and of practical techniques for their implementation and (2) in computer systems.
Computer science has many sub-fields; some, such as computational complexity theory, study the properties of computational problems, while others, such as computer graphics, emphasize the computation of specific results. Still others (3) on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, (4) language theory studies approaches to (5) computations, while computer programming applies specific programming languages to (6) specific computational problems, and human-computer interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally(7) to humans.
The general public sometimes (8) computer science with careers that deal with computers (such as (9) technology), or think that it relates to their own experience of computers, which typically involves activities such as gaming, web-browsing, and (10) . However, the focus of computer science is more on understanding the properties of the programs used to implement software such as games and web-browsers, and using that understanding to create new programs or improve existing ones.[
11. A. computer B.computation C. counting D. calculating
12. A. presence B. absence C. application D. specification
13. A. focus B. look C. consist D. refer
14. A. application B.compatible C. programming D. structured
15. A. implement B. contain C. resolve D. describe
16. A. release B. request C. search D. solve
17. A. interoperable B.accessible C. specific D. peculiar
18. A. confuses B. dazes C. misses D. contributes
19. A. operation B. speculation C. information D. modulation
20. A. web-authoring B. manual C. operating D. word-processing
Does he like English lessons?
Do they speak English well?
Will he (they) do this work the day after tomorrow?
Will I wait for you?
Did Petrov answer teacher's question very well.
2.
These students don't want to become engineers.
My brother doesn't go to school.
I won't do it tomorrow morning?
Will they have a dictation next week?
3.
Where does my father work?
Who do I often see in the library?
When will we begin to prepare for our exams?
How do you think he will he pass our literature exam?
Who came home very late yesterday?
4.
I learned to play tennis at the tennis school.
I got fantasy books at our library.
Tomorrow I will have a talk with him.
She will come to see our family next week.
My teacher will help me with my English.
5.
Have I met him before? - I haven't met him before.
Has he finished his work? - He hasn't finished his work.
Down in the valley there was three farms. The owners of these farms are rich men. Their names are Farmer Boggis, Farmer Bunce, and Farmer Bean.
Boggis was a chicken farmer. He keeps thousands of chickens . He eatsthree boiled chickens every day for breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Bunce is s ducj and goose farmer. He keeps thousands of ducks and geese. He makes a disgusting paste from livers and puts in into the doughnuts. This diet gives him
a bad temper.
Bean is a turkey and apple farmer. He keeps thousands of turkey in an orchard full of apple trees. He drinks gallons of strong cider which he makes from the apples in his orchard . He is thin as a pencil and the most clever of all.
"Boggis and Bunce and Bean
Once fat , one short , one lean. These horrible crooks
So different in looks
Are none the less equally mean."
This is what the children usually sing about them when they see them.