Краткий пересказ , около 8 предложений. A Journey Under the Sea Several years ago, my wife and I came upon an advertisement in a travel magazine for an international exchange programme promising “the chance of a lifetime”. Not one to let such an intriguing opportunity pass me by, but a bit hesitant about taking such a leap into the unknown, I did some research and discovered that the programme involved something called house- swapping. After much discussion, my family and I decided to, as they say, go for it. Consequently, we were soon jetting off for a holiday in the Peak District of England while our exchange partners were settling down for their vacation in our flat back home in Mt Vernon, Washington. The exchange was for a month and the time passed quickly. To end our time away on a high note, we decided to travel to Paris via the engineering marvel known as the Channel Tunnel. Being on a fairly tight budget, we opted for a package deal which included round-trip tickets on the Eurostar passenger train, five nights in a three-star hotel in Paris, Metro passes and unlimited use of the Paris bus system. When the package still hadn’t arrived after a week, I began to think that perhaps our trip hadn’t been such a good idea after all. Maybe it was a sign that we shouldn’t go. The tickets and vouchers eventually arrived and I scolded myself for having had such silly thoughts. On the day of departure, with plenty of time to spare, my two teenage children, my wife and I stood waiting eagerly on the platform at Waterloo Station. At exactly 7.57 am, we boarded our train and began our journey through the picturesque county of Kent. About an hour into our journey, an announcement, in both English and French, informed us that we were about to enter the Channel Tunnel. The Eurostar adverts had boasted proudly about the engineering feat that was the ‘Chunnel’, and the convenience it offered to those travelling between England and the Continent. They had spoken highly of the “lack of rough seas” and to me, a person who gets seasick very easily, this was a major selling point. When all is said and done, however, I must admit that there were moments when I felt quite nervous about travelling 50 metres below the bottom of the English Channel. Inside the tunnel itself, there really wasn’t much to grab my attention – no posters or other artwork, so I busied myself studying the occupants of our carriage. Some calmly read novels or newspapers; others quietly looked through business reports and notes. I quickly realised, however, that most of my fellow passengers were like my family in that they looked excited and very happy to be enjoying such a novel travel experience. Our underwater journey ended as quickly as it had begun. All of a sudden, we left the darkness of the tunnel behind and nosed out into the light of the pleasant French morning. The tracks being well-built, we quickly accelerated to 300 kph, the speed of a Boeing 747 at take-off. We arrived in Paris’ busy city centre a mere 180 minutes after leaving London. That journey, and indeed the whole time that we spent on the exchange programme, have given us all a yearning for new experiences, and many wonderful memories that we will cherish forever.
One of the main in the world is the problem of poverty, which is understood as the inability to provide simple and affordable for most people in this country, Living conditions. Large scale poverty, especially in developing countries, pose a serious danger not only for national but also for global sustainable development.
The criteria of poverty
Distinguish following types of poverty:
national;
international.
National poverty level is the proportion of the population living below the national poverty line. In most countries of the world, including in Russia, under the national poverty line refers to income below the subsistence level, that is does not allow to cover the cost of a consumer basket — set of the required by the standards of a given country in a given period of time of goods and services. In many developed countries are considered poor people with income in size 40-50 % of the average income in the country.
The international poverty level is the income, providing the consumption of less than 2$ a day at PPS (purchasing power parity).
Two kinds of economies are the traditional economy and the market ECONOMY. The traditional economy exists IN societies where there is no trade. In this economy people do not HAVE money because they do not need it. THE market economy exists in societies where people buy and SELL goods. In the market economy, people need MONEY, so that they can buy products.
In the traditional economy, people rely on nature. THEY hunt and grow only the food they need. On the one hand, this THIS IS an advantage. These people have no reason TO fight because they do not own anything. This means they ARE peaceful. On the other hand, this is a disadvantage. These PEOPLE are poor. Furthermore, they cannot protect themselves against natural disasters because they have NO technology. This means they often die of hunger and disease.
In the market economy, SUPPLY and demand control what sells. This is an ADVANTAGE because producers have to provide customers with the guality and prices they want. However, PRODUCERS' need an incentive and this is profit. Firstly, producers compete with each other to sell their product and make a PROFIT. Secondly, producers use technology in order to spend less on labour. This can be a disadvantage because if people do NOT work they do not have money to spend on goods. Conseguently. the producer cannot MAKE a profit.
In my opinion, the best system is the market economy. Unfortunately, as the incentive is profit, governments set LIMITS in order to control the economy. This means a true MARKET economy cannot exist.