North Kazakhstan is distinguished by a rather severe sharp continental climate with hot summers and frosty winters. A significant part of it is occupied by flat steppes, although in the center stands a more hilly region, covered with pine forests. The river network is better developed than in the south of the country, but it is not generally distinguished by its high water content, many drainless lakes. The largest rivers are the Irtysh, Ishim and Tobol, in the south it is restricted by the Kazakh melkosopochnik. For a long time the region remained sparsely populated and lagged behind economically and economically. In the days of Soviet power, the systematic development of virgin land began, and with it the settlement of the region. Here, the grain industry, the extraction of iron ore and coal, machine building, the production of petroleum products and ferroalloys, as well as energy were developed.
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