If you have even been inside the cockpit of a plane, you will have noticed the large number of instruments on the walls and ceiling around the pilot’s seat. Many of these buttons, dials and screens are used in navigation. Unlike car drivers, pilots do not have the luxury of signs and arrows telling them where to go. Instead, they rely on sophisticated GPS systems. So how were pilots able to find their way in the days before radio and satellite communication?
In the USA, the problem of navigation first arose when the airmail postal service was introduced in 1911. In the beginning, huge bonfires were lit to show pilots where to land in the dark. Later, a more practical solution was found: the construction of giant concrete arrows on the ground. The arrows were 21 m long and painted bright yellow. To enable pilots to see them at night, a steel tower with lights was built in the middle. The top light turned around to attract the pilot’s attention, and two others lit up the arrow and flashed a code to identify its location.
The first of these arrows was laid in 1924, and by 1929, there were around 1,500 of them. They formed an illuminated path for airmail pilots stretching from New York to San Francisco. The arrows were spaced about 16 km apart and were an important part of the Transcontinental Airway System. But by the 1940s, new navigation techniques were being discovered and soon, the arrows and their towers were no longer needed. They were gradually abandoned and some of them were removed completely.
However, not all of the arrows have disappeared. In the state of Montana, they are still used for guiding pilots through the mountains. Some are still visible in the empty areas of other states such as Utah, Wyoming and Indiana. Yet either because of their size or due to their bad condition, the arrows are not easy to find. In many cases, if you want to see one, it is a question of knowing where to look.
Which is where retired couple Brian and Charlotte Smith can help. The two are devoted fans of the arrows and spend much of their time hunting them down. So far, they have located more than a hundred of them. Once they find an arrow, they map its location, photograph it and upload the details onto their website. Their aim is to preserve the memory of these historical structures and prevent them from being lost forever.
Tourism has absolutely become a part of people’s live. Everyone knows that tourism is a great way to spend time enjoyable and useful.
In my opinion, tourism is an interesting thing. It gives a lot of advantages in studying the world and its history. Firstly, tourism helps to see new places you have never been, learn culture and traditions of other countries and meet people with diverse mentality. Secondly, travelling improves one’s health, presents new feelings and unforgettable memories. On top of everything else, the trip will improve relationships with loved ones.
On the other hand, there are people who think that tourism ruins everything it touches. In their opinion, tourists pollute original culture, don’t understand its meaning and historical roots. They don’t accept tourism and throw all the problems between countries to it.
But I strongly disagree with this point of view. Tourists are just ordinary people. They are the same as we are all. They have their own traditions, culture and history. In addition, they do not mind helping with the preservation of the culture and history of other nations.
To sum up, I would like to say that tourism is an important part of every person’s life. It has given many of us a chance for a good rest which includes studying cultural aspects and spending great holidays with family. I hope that tourism will continue to develop.
If you have even been inside the cockpit of a plane, you will have noticed the large number of instruments on the walls and ceiling around the pilot’s seat. Many of these buttons, dials and screens are used in navigation. Unlike car drivers, pilots do not have the luxury of signs and arrows telling them where to go. Instead, they rely on sophisticated GPS systems. So how were pilots able to find their way in the days before radio and satellite communication?
In the USA, the problem of navigation first arose when the airmail postal service was introduced in 1911. In the beginning, huge bonfires were lit to show pilots where to land in the dark. Later, a more practical solution was found: the construction of giant concrete arrows on the ground. The arrows were 21 m long and painted bright yellow. To enable pilots to see them at night, a steel tower with lights was built in the middle. The top light turned around to attract the pilot’s attention, and two others lit up the arrow and flashed a code to identify its location.
The first of these arrows was laid in 1924, and by 1929, there were around 1,500 of them. They formed an illuminated path for airmail pilots stretching from New York to San Francisco. The arrows were spaced about 16 km apart and were an important part of the Transcontinental Airway System. But by the 1940s, new navigation techniques were being discovered and soon, the arrows and their towers were no longer needed. They were gradually abandoned and some of them were removed completely.
However, not all of the arrows have disappeared. In the state of Montana, they are still used for guiding pilots through the mountains. Some are still visible in the empty areas of other states such as Utah, Wyoming and Indiana. Yet either because of their size or due to their bad condition, the arrows are not easy to find. In many cases, if you want to see one, it is a question of knowing where to look.
Which is where retired couple Brian and Charlotte Smith can help. The two are devoted fans of the arrows and spend much of their time hunting them down. So far, they have located more than a hundred of them. Once they find an arrow, they map its location, photograph it and upload the details onto their website. Their aim is to preserve the memory of these historical structures and prevent them from being lost forever.
Tourism has absolutely become a part of people’s live. Everyone knows that tourism is a great way to spend time enjoyable and useful.
In my opinion, tourism is an interesting thing. It gives a lot of advantages in studying the world and its history. Firstly, tourism helps to see new places you have never been, learn culture and traditions of other countries and meet people with diverse mentality. Secondly, travelling improves one’s health, presents new feelings and unforgettable memories. On top of everything else, the trip will improve relationships with loved ones.
On the other hand, there are people who think that tourism ruins everything it touches. In their opinion, tourists pollute original culture, don’t understand its meaning and historical roots. They don’t accept tourism and throw all the problems between countries to it.
But I strongly disagree with this point of view. Tourists are just ordinary people. They are the same as we are all. They have their own traditions, culture and history. In addition, they do not mind helping with the preservation of the culture and history of other nations.
To sum up, I would like to say that tourism is an important part of every person’s life. It has given many of us a chance for a good rest which includes studying cultural aspects and spending great holidays with family. I hope that tourism will continue to develop.
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