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06.09.2022 10:40 •  Английский язык

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in the summer of 1905, a young man was sitting at home after a da whle rocking his one year old baby, he thought something over sudderly me was born, an equation which would came to himl the equation e change our understaryding of the universe but would help to create the nuclear albert einstein was aware of recerit developments, such as mane cunie's research radioactivity but he had been working on his own his mould-breaking equation showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of einsten then demonstrated in his theory of relativity that not even time, mas or length are constant - they vary according to our pespective of them for example, we could see prople moving at the speed of ight, they would appear much heavier and larger and would seem to move in slow motion by the time einstein had become world-famous young ex-lawyer returning from the fint worie war started work at the mount wilson observatory in california. using the most high powered telescope of its time, he began painstakingly slow observation of nebul patches of light that appeared outside ory edwin hubble was on the brink of makir greatest astronomical breakthrough of thtury he discovered that these nebulae were in galaxies like our own, millions of light yea ay from us, which proved that the universe w larger than had previously been thought. th hubble proved that the universe is actually ndng and that the further away galaxies are the faster they move. just before hubble's law was published in 1929, another far-reaching finding was made by the son of a scottish shepherd. before going on holiday, he left a petri dish with bacteria near the window of his laboratory when he came back, he was just about to throw the dish away when he noticed something out of the ordinary he double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed this blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin which fleming realised was an effective way of killing bacteria. a few years later, penicillin was being mass-produced and helping to ave the lives of millions. despite the outcome of his discovery, fleming remained modest and unassuming nature makes penicillin,' he said, 1 just found it he wcas not even involved in manufacturing it. during the second world war when penicillin was first being used, the us navy wee wayn of improving the accuracy of their artillery shells, but this involved complex caliulations the navy turned to eckert, an engineer, and mauchiy physicil, to produce a machine to do the job although they and their team did notfinish the machine until after the war. n february 1946, it did not matter computer eniac (electronic numerical integrator and computer) was huge, measuring 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighing over 30 tons it contained 18,000 tubes and had more than 6,000 switches. it comumed so much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town went dim however, it worked and it was the first programmable computer. y spom au paonpaud pry i the computer argved too late tp help in the next ground-breaking find from the mid 1940s, biologists knew about a molecule that had an important role in passing on genetic information for all living things. however, they did not know how it worked and the race to find this out had begun then, two young scientists at cambridge university saw the results of some studies by rosalind franklin. the last piece of the jigsaw puzzle had fallen into place. in 1953, watson and crick published their model of the dna molecule as a result, in 2000, after years of time-consuming and expensive research using computerised data processing and despite many setbacks, the so-called 'genome' for human beings was discovered the four chemicals in our dna combine to produce a code that would over 500,000 pages of a telephone directory and that contains information about our 100,000 genes. already, this has helped doctors to cure some hereditary illnesses and the outlook for the future seems promising