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1. What is electronics? 2. Can you imagine modern life without electronics? 3. Where are electronic devices used? 4. What was the beginning of
electronics development? 5. What made the progress in radio communication technology possible? 6. What is the transistor? 7. When was the transistor invented? 8. What aim was realized with the invention of the transistor?
9. When were integrated circuits discovered? 10. What advantages did the
transistors have over the vacuum tubes?

when the time for the next elections came, it was clear that the most important question would be slavery. there were four candidates, but a northerner called abraham lincoln won the election. in his inaugural address lincoln warned the southerners that they shouldn't destroy the union of the states, but they didn't listen. in february 1861 eleven southern states formed their own union, which was called the confederacy, but abraham lincoln wouldn't let them split up the country. and so the civil war began.  the north (their army was called the union army) was actually more powerful than the south: as you remember, they had more men, and their factories produced weapons and supplied the northern army with everything it needed. but the confederacy had one big advantage: they didn't have to invade the north, they just had to protect their own land and homes. at that time a lot of people thought that it would be possible. so at first, the  confederacy had more luck; their men were better trained and fought with more spirit. just as in the revolutionary war, americans from the south were once again fighting for their independence. the union soldiers were getting tired. after they lost some important  battles, the anti-slavery idea wasn't enough to inspire them any more. the southerners felt that just one more big victory would be enough to win the war. 

Moscow - a city for walking! do you want to see this? stroll through the old bridge. each of our trip focused on a certain corner of the city or the theme, revealing a wealth of history, culture and architecture of moscow. our guides, sincerely in love with this city, happy to share their very personal stories about moscow. you can be a muscovite who has lived here all his life, or a guest, deciding where to take a walk in moscow - come to our walk! and in the first and in the second case it will be something to surprise you, so that you will never look at moscow the same way again!most often it is not professional guides and historians, architects, restorers, journalists, philologists but what unites them all - so this is a sincere love for moscow. they each have their very personal relationship to the city, its history associated with it, my cherished corners. therefore, all our hiking in moscow - this is a very personal, not unlike any other story, this song is dedicated to moscow. you do not need to book anything in advance. especially pay money in advance. all you need - is to come to the scheduled time and place of the tour, and meet with the guide. and if your plans have changed, and you could not get out for a walk - you have nothing to lose! no money, no opportunity to get out for a walk along the old moscow you have chosen - after it again next week at the same time. despite the uniqueness of our walking tours - the cost of participation in them is low. for the same money you can go to the movies or eat heartily at mcdonalds'. and we are often there are discounts.