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HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, AND FIRMWARE

The units that are visible in any computer are the physical components
of a data processing system, or hardware. Thus, the input, storage, processing, and control devices are hardware. Not visible is the software — the set of
computer programs, procedures, and associated documentation that make possible the effective operation of the computer system. Software programs
are of two types: systems software and applications software.

Systems software are the programs designed to control the operation of
a computer system. They do not solve specific problems. They are written

to assist people in the use of the computer system by performing tasks, such
as controlling all of the operations required, to move data into and out of
a computer and all of the steps in executing an applications program. The
person who prepares systems software is referred to as a systems programmer.
Systems programmers are highly trained specialists and important members
of the architectural team.

Applications software are the programs written to solve specific problems
(applications), such as payroll, inventory control, and investment analysis.
The word program usually refers to an applications program, and the word
programmer is usually a person who prepares applications software.

Often programs, particularly systems software, are stored in an area of
memory not used for applications software. These protected programs are
stored in an area of memory called read-only memory (ROM), which can be
read from but not written on.

Firmware is a term that is commonly used to describe certain programs
that are stored in ROM. Firmware often refers to a sequence of instructions
(software) that is substituted for hardware. For example, in an instance where
cost is more important than performance, the computer system architect
might decide not to use special electronic circuits (hardware) to multiply two
numbers, but instead write instructions (software) to cause the machine to accomplish the same function by repeated use of circuits already designed to
perform addition.

Во

Folklore, in translation, means "popular wisdom, popular knowledge." Folklore - folk art, artistic collective activity of a people, reflecting its life, views and ideals, i.e. Folklore is the national historical cultural heritage of any country in the world.

The works of Russian folklore (fairy tales, legends, epics, songs, chastooshkas, dances, legends, and applied art) help to recreate the characteristic features of the national life of their time.

Creativity in antiquity was closely associated with the work of man and reflected the mythical, historical ideas, as well as the beginnings of scientific knowledge. The art of the word was closely associated with other forms of art - music, dancing, decorative art. In science, this is called "syncretism."

Folklore was an art organically inherent in folk life. The various uses of the works gave rise to genres, with their diverse themes, images, and style. In the most ancient period, most peoples had tribal legends, labor and ceremonial songs, mythological stories, and conspiracies. The decisive event, which laid the line between mythology and folklore itself, was the appearance of fairy tales, the plots of which were based on a dream, on wisdom, on ethical fiction.

In the ancient and medieval society, the heroic epic (the Irish sagas, the Russian epic and others) took shape. There were also legends and songs reflecting various beliefs (for example, Russian spiritual poems). Later, historical songs appeared, depicting real historical events and heroes, as they remained in popular memory.

The genres in folklore also differ in the way of performance (solo, chorus, chorus and soloist) and various combinations of text with melody, intonation, movements (singing and dancing, storytelling and playing).

With changes in the social life of society in Russian folklore, new genres also arose: soldier, coachman, burlatz songs. The growth of industry and cities brought to life: romances, anecdotes, worker, student folklore.

Now new Russian folk tales do not appear, but the old ones are still being told and cartoons and feature films are being shot on them. Many old songs are sung. But the epic and historical songs in a live performance are almost not heard.

For millennia, all peoples folklore was the only form of creativity. The folklore of every nation is unique, just like its history, customs, culture. And some genres (not only historical songs) reflect the history of a given people.

Katie: Good morning, Lizzy.

Lizzy: Is that right?

Katie: I think someone got off the wrong foot this morning! What's the matter?

Lizzy: Yes, I'm a little tired, that's all. I had a terrible nightmare last night. I woke up, shaking like a leaf with a beating heart. Then I could not fall asleep.

Katie: Poor thing! What was the nightmare about?

Lizzy: Well, I tried to get to the exam, but my legs just didn't move.

Katie: So ... did you finally get there?

Lizzy: Yes, but then I realized that I could not answer any questions!

Katie: Oh, it's terrible! I once dreamed of the same. I was looking for what it means. This may mean that you are afraid to afford something.

Lizzy: That's a thought! So it doesn't mean that I fail the exams?

Katie: No, don't worry. Nightmares are when only your subconscious mind is trying to cope with all its stresses and worries, that's all.

Lizzy: So much easier!