ответьте на вопросы по тексту: 1) Is a productive farm business always the most essential aim of a farmer?
2) What three reasons for inefficient capital use on farms were mentioned in the
text?
3) At what age do farmers typically reach an optimum size of their business? Why?
4) What does the problem of transferring a business from one generation to the next
consist in?
Some of the inefficiency in the use of capital is believed to be due to more basic
troubles.
Some farmers may not be capable of using additional capital profitably. Others may
not be interested in having a more productive farm business. Their aims in life provide
strong enough disincentives to farm expansion. In such cases additional capital is not
necessary.
Still another reason for the inefficient use of capital has been found to be associated
with the life cycle of the farm family. Traditionally, farms had to be financed every
generation. The young man to start farming had to begin with a rather small operation. His
business was supposed to grow as he was able to reinvest his returns and borrow
additional funds. Often the demands of his family for living expenditures were too high to
make any profitable investment in his business. After his children had grown up, it became
possible for his farm to approach an optimum size. It continued to grow for a period but
decline was inevitable due to increasing age of the operator.
Much attention has been given to the problem of transferring farms from one
generation to the next. Often there existed several heirs, which resulted in fragmenting
efficient farm businesses. Even if the land was passed to a son, he had to acquire the
necessary capital in order to buy livestock and provide for the living of his family. As a
result, no considerable investment in farm business was made. In other cases the young
farmer spent several years buying out other heirs.
There is great difference among farms in solving the transfer problem. The fact
remains, however, that at any time, some farms are on their way up and some on the way
down. Economists believe capital productivity in agriculture to depend on this fact.
1. Carefully control your behavior on social networks. Virtuoso scammers are very adept at using personal information with which they can easily crack security codes and gain access to other accounts. Over the past few years, this method of cyberattack has become one of the most common.
2. For the safety of your accounts, restrict access to the inner circle of friends and relatives. Never share personal information with new online friends. Try not to advertise data containing birth dates, email addresses or pet names that can be used as passwords. All this information can be very useful for a professional hacker.
3. Do not use debit cards online. Unauthorized debit card payments are withdrawn directly from your bank account, and even if you report a violation immediately, it will take more than one week to restore the previous balance. In the case of a credit card in a similar situation, when contesting suspicious payments, the client has access to his accounts. Both types of cards have notification functions either by e-mail or in the form of SMS text, which makes it possible to quickly interrupt unauthorized actions. Visa is a leader in security solutions for its credit cards.
4. Beware of messages of this kind: “Attention! Your account has been hacked. You must call to verify your account. Send us a message and we will call you back. ”
5. Do not become a victim of Clickjacking. This type of attack is fraught with hyperlinks under what, at first glance, looks like harmless content. However, clicking the link opens a channel for malware that can invade your computer or transfer your personal information.
6. Do not be reckless in using any Wi-Fi connection. Wi-Fi hotspots are most often unsafe because they do not encode information transmitted on the Internet. Moreover, the tools used by hackers allow them to “peek” over your shoulder and fetch usernames, passwords or other information that provides access to financial accounts. Cellular network in this regard is more secure.
7. In the email messages and on the website, look carefully at the URLs, even if they contain the names of the reputable financial institutions you deal with. The most common catch is a combination of a legitimate website name and fake. These addresses very often lead to mime sites, which under the appearance of a legitimate guise hide affiliation with hacking activities. Sometimes the URL may be genuine, but when you click on the link, it takes you to another site.
8. Never click on messages sent by e-mail and offering to update personal data. In most cases, such requests are triggered after you enter your account via a non-email address.
9. Do not use the same password for different accounts. Choose unusual characters, numbers, and spaces for passwords. As an added precaution, fill out security questions with fictitious, easy-to-remember answers, rather than facts that might reveal your personal information.
10. Install antivirus and antispyware software on your computer. Make sure that these programs work and are updated automatically.
Объяснение:
ответ:Число киберпреступлений увеличилось на 36% — более 4500 новых атак каждый день. Целями мошенников являются не только персональные данные, но также денежные средства. Предотвращение преступлений, предварительная защита, а также результативное расследование является основной целью специалистов в области безопасности электронных денежных потоков.
21 марта 2013 года в Москве состоится Международный Деловой Форум «Киберпреступления. Предотвращение. Защита. Расследование».
Программа мероприятия разбита на несколько блоков:
— Электронная коммерция в России. Безопасность сегодня
— Предотвращение и защита от киберпреступлений. Современная практика защиты и расследования
— SECURITI & RISK-MANAGEMENT: внутренняя безопасность компаний
— Киберпреступления. Правовые противодействия
— Безопасность клиентов
— Workshop: технические решения защиты от киберпреступлений
На Международном Деловом Форуме эксперты поднимут на обсуждение во несовершенство судебной системы; как обезопасить свой бизнес от вредоносных программ, несанкционированных взломов платежных систем; технология хищений и расследований; защита конфиденциальной информации и данных; мошенничество с кредитными картами и меры предосторожности и защиты от фишинга и др. видов киберфрода.