Перевести ! the foundation of a building is that part of walls, piers and columns in direct contact with, and transmitting loads to, the ground. the building foundation is sometimes referred to as the artificial foundation, and the ground on which it bears as the natural foundation. early buildings were founded on rock or firm ground. it was not until the beginning of the twentieth century that concrete was used as a foundation base for walls. the primary functional requirement of a foundation is strength and stability. the combined, dead, imposed and wind loads on a building must be transmitted to the ground safely, without causing deflection or deformation of the building or movement of the ground that would impair the stability of the building or neighboring structures. foundations should also be designed and constructed to resist any movement of the subsoil. foundations should be designed so that any settlement is both limited and uniform under the whole of the building. some settlement of a building on a soil foundation is inevitable. as the building is erected the loads placed on the foundation increase and the soil is compressed. this settlement should be limited to avoid damage to service pipes and drains connected to the building. bearing capacities for various rocks and soils are assumed and these capacities should not be exceeded in the design of the foundation to limit settlement. there are a number of approaches to foundation construction, from strip foundations, piles and rafts, all of which are constructed of concrete
