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the word "police" means the arrangements
made in all civilized countries to ensure that the
people keep the peace and obey the law. the word
also denotes the force of peace officers (or police)
employed for this purpose.
in 1829 sir richard mayne wrote: "the
primary object of an efficient police is the
prevention of crime: the next that of detection and
punishment of offenders if crime is committed. to
this all the efforts of police must be directed. the
protection of life and property, the preservation of public peace, and the
absence of crime, will alone prove whether those efforts have been
successful and whether the objects for which the police were appointed have
been attained1
."
in police work much depends on the co-operation of the public, and this
is always determined by the respect in which the police are held. one of the
key principles of modern policing in britain is that the police seek to work
with the people as part of the community.
police is the body of agents organized to keep civil order and public
safety, enforce the law, and investigate crime. characteristics common to
most police forces include a quasi-military organization, a uniformed patrol
and traffic-control force, plainclothes divisions for criminal investigations,
and enforcement priorities that reflect the community's way of life.
administration may be centralized at the national level, or decentralized
with autonomous local police forces. recruits usually receive specialized
training and take an exam. the modern metropolitan (london) police force
1 to attain – ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ
5
began with sir robert peel, the state secretary in britain in 1829. these
police officers are often referred to as ´bobbies´ due to the fact that it was
sir robert (bobby) peel who authorized metropolitan police. they were
regarded as the forerunners2
of a modern police force and became a model for
the police forces in most countries, such as the united states. bobbies can still
be found in many parts of the world (british ex-colonies, for example).
do you know that "the old bill" or "the bill" is used as slang names for
the police? what is the origin of this funny name? the simple answer is that
no one really knows for sure. "old bill" was king william iv, whose
constables were an early form of police. in 1619 the constables of the watch
referred to themselves as 'us peacemakers and all our bill of authority'. new
laws for the police used to come and keep coming from bills passed through
parliament. constables of the watch were sometimes nicknamed for the
billhooks3
they carried as weapons. so choose the explanation you like the
most!
I make pizza dough by mixing together yeast, a bit of sugar and salt with warm water. I let the mixture sit for a few minutes before adding bread flour and olive oil to it. I first combine the mixture with a wooden spoon and once a dough starts to form I work the rest together with hands. I knead the dough for 10 minute until smooth and then place it into a warm place for an hour to proof. When the dough is risen, I take it out of the bowl and knead it again for a few minute and then leave it for a second proof for half an hour.
When the dough is ready to be used I place it onto a floured work surface and roll it out with a rolling pin. I place this pizza base onto a preheated pizza tray then spread some olive oil and tomato paste over the pizza base. I then sprinkle some Italian seasoning and granulated garlic over the base, place sliced tomatoes, sliced mozzarella and basil leaves on top and put it into a preheated grill for 15 minutes.
When the pizza comes out of the grill it smells and looks fantastic. Nothing can beat a family dinner with home-made pizza. Delicious home-made pizza makes everyone smile. I wish I could eat it every day!