Поставьте три вопроса к тексту. желательно сначала написать само предложение, а потом переделанное в вопрос jeans jeans – a clothing item that is common in every wardrobe today. one of the most comfortable and most stylish pieces of clothing, it is liked by one and all, regardless of age, size, sex, economic background, and so on. the history of jeans goes as far back as the 16th century when sailors in genoa (italy) wore a material that eventually became the material used in jeans. the word ‘jean’ derives from the name of the italian port city genoa, as it was a custom to name a material after its place of origin. by the late 16th century, jean material was already produced in lancashire, england. it was the california gold rush of 1849 that started the evolution of american trousers that would one day become blue jeans. the gold miners wanted clothes that were strong and did not tear easily. the person who suggested an appropriate type of clothing was a german businessman levi strauss, who had moved to america. levi strauss sold many different things, but his main product was a tough canvas material used for tents and wagon covers. understanding the urgent need of the gold miners levi strauss decided to make trousers out of the tough canvas he was selling. the miners liked the new ‘working’ trousers, though they were uncomfortable to wear as the material was too rough. to improve the trousers for miners, levi strauss began looking for a different material and soon he found a suitable one in france. the material was called ‘serge de nimes’. american just called it ‘de nimes’, and this name soon became its short form ‘denim’. denim was a bit lighter and softer than the material levi strauss used for his working trousers. it was very strong and did not wear out quickly, even after many washes. the trousers made of denim became quite popular among the miners. the only problem was that original denim was almost white and the trousers got dirty as soon as the miners started working! for that reason levi strauss decided to use coloured denim, and he chose dark blue. in 1873 he began to make dark blue denim trousers with metal fasteners to make them stronger. this was a radical new idea and ‘blue jeans’ had arrived! levi's jeans were so popular, that his company got bigger and bigger. other firms were making blue jeans too. miners liked them, but so did cowboys and other working men. levi’s jeans were work trousers. male workers wore them all the time but a gentleman would not even think of wearing jeans. things changed when western movies became popular. all the cowboys wore jeans and people thought they looked heroic, attractive and cool. also jeans were greatly popularized in europe by american off-duty soldiers who wore them during world war ii. they made jeans seem like casual american trousers, a symbol of the american lifestyle. in the 2000's, the sale of classic blue jeans stopped growing. young people were not particularly interested in traditional jeans styles, mainly because of their parents, who adored jeans. since no teenager would wear the clothes their parents were wearing, the latest generation of youth turned to other fabrics and styles. they still wear denim, but it had to be in new cuts, shapes and styles.

test (the10th  form)

unit 4

is it easy to be young?

which speaker says that …

1.  friendship is a great thing?

2.  he has very few friends?

3.  his friend is so dear to him?

4. friends are stealers of time?

5.  animals can be friends, too?

6.  a bosom friend makes your life happier?

7.  friends must help each other?

new yorkers used to see the graffiti on the walls of poor neighbourhoods and subway trains as an example of young people rebellion. the slogans were seen as aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. up to the 1970s, most new yorkers hated graffiti.

since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is not longer found only in the subway and in the poor areas of the city. nowadays, it has the status of “street art” and you get graffiti in places where you would not expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys, and even on the wall street journal’s official website! in the early 1980s, there was a real craze for graffiti art and the sophisticated manhattan art world had displays of street art in its galleries. then trend was short-lived – until the arrival of hip-hop music in the late 80s.

in her book,  subway art, martha cooper says, “graffiti came back with hip-hop music and people are now appreciating it for its style, which they couldn’t back then, because they couldn’t get beyond the vandalism thing.” hip-hop was originally black music, sung by young african americans from the poor, run-down districts of american cities. when it suddenly got to the top of the american music charts, hip-hop culture was spread, bringing graffiti with it.

today companies are starting to use the appeal of graffiti in advertising. kel rodriguez, who used to spray new york subway trains, was the artist chosen to design the wall street journal’s website and it is obviously done in graffiti style.

many of this new wave of artists give lectures on developments in the art. lee quinones is having a lot of success in europe and feels that european galleries and museums are more open to this art form. “they want to support an artist as he develops,” comments quinones, who can get up to $10,000 for his paintings. indeed, the groninger museum in holland is one of the few museums in the world that displays and recognizes graffiti as an art form.

another artist, blade, has his own website devoted only to the world of graffiti. this website has ‘a page’ where blade sells things with his own original designs all over the world – everything from baseball caps to yo-yos! leonard mcgurr, a street artist for 25 years, went from painting subway trains to designing and marketing graffiti-inspired clothes for young people. “graffiti has been a story of survival,” he says. “there’s a way to benefit from your work without spoiling public property.”

a1  according to the article, people did not like graffiti because…

nobody understood it.it made cities ugly.it considered to be the work of hooligans.

a2  nowadays people’s attitude towards graffiti is …

not as bad as it used to be.worse than before.the same as in the past.

a3  what do graffiti and hip-hop have in common according to the article?

they are both illegal.they are both examples of political views.they came from similar background.

a4  what is said in the article about graffiti artists?

most of them moved to europe.some of them are treated as respected artists.they haven’t learnt how to draw properly.

a5  lee quinones thinks that graffiti is more popular in europe because…

graffiti artists can make money more easily there.graffiti is taken more seriously there.european museums and galleries have more space for graffiti as an art form.

a6  some graffiti artists make money by…

painting subway trains.selling painted street walls.selling products with graffiti design on them. iii.  используя  complex object , заполните пропуски  в2-в7.

b2  listening to music is the thing i like most. but my parents don’t __i/listen to/permit

what i want.

b3  they also don’t bright clothes and chains.  i/let/wear

b4  my father to discos.  forbid/go/i

b5  my parents my school homework every day.  do/force/i

b6  it really crazy!   feel/i/make

b7  i just me alone.  leave/they/want

the national union of students was founded in 1922 to  the rights of the student youth. the aim of the union is to  a8  the interests of students, their right to  their views and  a10  better education.

the union takes part in the struggle of the young people who  a11  against discrimination. it  a12  the movement against youth  a13  and drug 

a7 1  enjoy  2  defend  3  develop

a8 1  complain  2  protect  3  delay

a9 1  provide  2  support  3  express

a10 1  permit  2  provide  3  represent

a11 1  rebel  2  reject  3  forbid

a12 1  provides  2  represents  3  supports

a13 1  protection  2  disability  3  violence

a14 1  protection  2  addiction  3  disability

делай пож 

ответ:

объяснение:

работа с конфликтом.

потерять друзей так же легко, как завести друзей, если вы не знаете 1) как справиться с гневом и конфликтом. конфликт является частью жизни каждого. он появится в школе, на работе и 2) дома. это нормально чувствовать злость, разочарование, раздражение, разочарование или грусть. эти чувства естественны, но это то, как вы справляетесь с 3), что имеет значение. некоторые люди кричат, кричат, ругаются, называют имена людей, пытаются отомстить или даже ударить человека, который причинил им боль. другие стараются держаться подальше от разногласий, 4) так как немногие успешно справляются с конфликтами.

разрешение конфликта - это шаг за шагом. прежде чем приступить к обсуждению проблемы, охладитесь, сосчитайте до 10, сделайте глубокий вдох и представьте себе место для отдыха. затем скажите, что действительно беспокоит вас. делая это, смотрите, как вы выражаете себя. не обвиняй и не обвиняй. поделитесь тем, что вы чувствуете, используя «я» заявления. например, не говорите: «вы всегда руководите мной», но «я расстроен, потому что вы не обращаете внимания на то, что я думаю».

вы хотите, чтобы люди услышали ваше мнение, поэтому убедитесь, что вы практикуете то, что проповедуете. внимательно слушайте 5) другого человека и признайте, что он или она может увидеть проблему по-другому. будьте гибкими и непредубежденными, готовыми извиниться, прощать и двигаться.