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Nudge, nudge
So even as more countries’ apps go live, social distancing will continue to be the main way for people to protect themselves for the time being. The UK guidance asks people to stay more than two metres away from those they encounter outside, and to avoid non-essential public transport journeys and other social gatherings.
Maintaining such restrictions will be a challenge as lockdowns are lifted, since social distancing goes against human instinct. One piece of research also found that an essential factor in people being willing to social distance was if they thought they could do it; the longer people are expected to stick to the coronavirus guidelines, the more they will probably feel they can’t keep doing it.
The research shows that people don’t necessarily social distance, despite their best intentions. In the words of Chris Whitty, the UK chief medical adviser, “enthusiasm at some point lags”. Contact tracing apps will help here, but there is a way of making them more effective that seems to have been overlooked.
‘Two metres apart, please.’ Linda Bestwick
These apps work by storing the Bluetooth identifier being transmitted from every phone they encounter. The received signal strength will also be stored to give a rough approximation of distance, though this varies between phones so isn’t hugely accurate.
On a regular basis, the app will fetch the identifiers of all people in the country who have tested positive for COVID-19 or are at very high risk of having been infected. It will then check back and see if its user has previously encountered any of these identifiers, and trigger a warning message or phone call that tells the user to get tested or take other steps. This will be people’s only guide to how well they are successfully social-distancing – apart from developing symptoms.
To make this better, we could add a feature that works in a similar way to how fitness tracking apps give feedback on a person’s daily performance to “nudge” them into doing a little better tomorrow. Apps could tell users how many people they are coming into contact with each day as a whole, and what kind of risk profile that gives them – comparing them with other users without giving any private information away. The data could also differentiate between long and short encounters. Users could then track their efforts at distancing in real time.
a) when did you phone your mother?
- I phoned my mother yesterday.
b) when did you play computer games?
I played computer games last Friday.
c) when did you walk in the park?
I walked in the park one day ago.
d) when did you help your mother with the housework?
I helped my mother yesterday.
e) when did you travel abroad?
I travelled abroad last year
f) when did you want to eat an ice-cream?
I wanted to eat ice cream last week end.
g) when did you listen to music?
I listened to music yesterday.
h) when did you are late for school?
I was late two weeks ago.
1 You’re busier at work than I am.
2. My new boss isn’t as nice as my old one.
3. It’s the most crowded city in the world.
4.This is the worst summer we’ve ever had!
5. Do you play tennis as well as your sister?
6. Barcelona is the most exciting city I’ve been to.
7. My parents drive more slowly than I do.
8.This mobile phone is more expensive than that one.
9. Luka is the friendliest person I know.
10. It was the best holiday we’ve ever had.
11.This city is too polluted. We’re going to move to a cleaner place.
12. The market was too crowded so we found a place with fewer people.
13.This city has a population of around 250,000.
14. Rome has some amazing historical buildings.
15.You can buy anything at the department store in the town centre.
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