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31.05.2022 01:34 •  Английский язык

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1. Machine-tools are designed for cutting metal parts by means of a cutting tool. The
machine-tool comprises the principle manufacturing equipment in a machine shop. It
can not only reproduce itself but it is the only machine which can create other machines.
2. Without a machine-tool the engineer would be stripped of his power and
opportunities. Machining operations, or metal-cutting processes, lie at the basis of all
modern industrial production.
3. The general term “machine-tool” is applied to various classes of power-driven metalcutting machines employed in the machine shop for the purpose of shaping many
commercial products.
4. The function of machine-tools is to hold both the workpiece and a cutting tool or
tools and move them relative to each other to obtain the proper cutting action and at an
economic speed.
5. The part of the machine-tool which removes the metal during a metal-cutting process
is called a cutting tool. Cutting tools used for various metal-cutting operations may be
different and the type depends on both the work which is performed and the material.
The main types machine-tools used for industrial production are lathes, drilling
machines, milling machines, etc.
6. The lathe is a machine-tool in which the workpiece is held so that it can be rotated
about an axis. The cutting tool is traversed past the workpiece from one end to the other.
It is designed primarily for turning and boring operations. However, in addition to
turning and boring, many other operations may also be performed on a lathe. The lathe
is considered to be the most important of all machine-tools.
7. Lathes used in shop can be of different designs and sizes. These lathes fall into
various types, either to their characteristic constructional features, or according to the
work for which they are designed.

1. The lathe is considered to be out-of-date machine-tool.
2. The cutting tool is designed primarily for turning and boring operations.
3. Lathes of small sizes mounted on a bench are termed bench lathes.
4. The only thing that the machine-tool cannot do is to reproduce itself.