The UK of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland occupies the territory of the British Isles. It consists of 4 main countries which are England, Scotland, Wales and Nothern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff and Belfast. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland is the official name of the state which is sometimes referred to as Great Britain or Britain (after it major island), England (after its major historic part or the British Isles). The UK is an Island state - it is composed of about 5500 islands, large and small. The two main islands are: Great Britain to the east and Ireland to the west. They are separated by the Irish Sea. The area of the UK is 244,100 square kms. It is situated off to the northwest coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the north and the North Sea on the east and is separated from the European continent by the English Channel (or La Manche) and the Straits of Dover (or Pas de Calais). The population of the UK is over 57 mln people. The UK is inhabited by the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish who constitute the British nation. English is not the only language. Scottish, Welsh and Irish are also used. The flag of the UK is known as the Union Jack. It has its history. It all began in 1603 when Scotland was joined to England and Wales. The flag is made up of 3 crosses. The upright cross is the Cross of St. Jeorge, the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross is the cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. All of them are on the blue background. The national currency is pound. Geographically the island of Great Britain is subdivided into 2 main regions: Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises southern and eastern England. Highland Britain consists of Scotland, most of Wales, the Pennines (or the Pennine Chain) and the Lake District. The highest mountain top is Ben Nevis in Scotland. The chief rivers of Great Britain are: the Severn, separating England and Wales, the Thames (the longest and the deepest one). The swiflest flowing river is the Spray. Also the Tweed is famous (the woolen fabric is made here). There are many lakes in Great Britain. The Lake District is the most beautiful. The largest are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Bristol, Leeds, Cardiff. The capitals are: London in England, Edinburgh in Scotland, Cardiff in Wales and Belfast in Northern Ireland. Every country has its own national emblem. The red rose is the national emblem of England the thistle is the national emblem of Scotland the daffodils and the leek are the emblems of Wales and the shamrock (a kind of clover) is the emblem of Ireland.
Открытие португальскими моряками пути в индию вызвало желание найти путь в страны востока и у других мореплавателей. христофор колумб стал одним из тех кто изменил мировой порядок на волне этих открытий. испанский мореплаватель итальянского происхождения христофор колумб ( колон, родился в генуи) открыл америку в 1492 году. это открытие прославило его имя на много лет вперед.источники , что он был первым мореплавателем, который переплыл атлантический океан в районе тропиков и был первым европейцем, посетившим карибское море. еще по договору с испанией, спонсировавшей эту экспедицию колумб получал звание адмирала и вице-короля открытых им земель. путешествие колумба в район карибского моря было на редкость увлекательным. он не только открыл материк южной америки, но и все большие и малые антильские острова, и несколько небольших островов в карибском море. к америке колумб плавал четыре раза. первое плавание продлилось с 3 августа 1492 года по 15 марта 1493 года. в экспедиции участвовали три корабля - "санта-мария", "пинта", "ни-нья". на борту кораблей было 90 человек (экипажи кораблей состояли из осужденных преступников). вышли они из порта палое.в этом путешествии и была открыта америка. европейские моряки впервые высадились на острова карибского моря. острова назвали - гуанахани (ныне багамские острова), эспаньола (сейчас это гаити), хуана (всем известная куба). морякам того времени можно только позавидовать. не каждому выпадал шанс стать первооткрывателем тропического рая.этим путешествием колумба начинается экспансия испании в новый свет. но интересно, что сам мореплаватель считал открытые им новые земли окрестностями китая и индии. второе путешествие христофор колумб предпринял 25 сентября 1493 года и плавал несколько дольше - до 11 июня 1496 года. и в этот раз колумб думал, что плывет в индию. в это время был основан город санто-доминго и проложен морской путь в "вест-индию". были открыты острова малые антильские, виргинские, пуэрто-рико, ямайка и исследована куба. в свое третье путешествие (с 30 мая 1498 года по 25 ноября 1500 года) колумб открыл острова тринидад, маргарита. не желая соблюдать договор о присвоении колумбу титула вице-короля открытых им земель, правительство испании его арестовывает по ложному обвинению. его лишают всех званий и привилегий, записанных в договоре. на доказательство своей невиновности колумб потратил два года. четвертое и последнее путешествие колумба продлилось с 9 мая 1502 года по ноябрь 1504 года. во время этого плавания к югу от кубы колумб открыл материк центральной америки и доказал, что атлантический океан от южного моря ( mar del sur - так назвал тихий океан впервые увидивший его в 1513 году испанский конкистадор ) отделен сушей. колумб первым сообщил об индейских племенах, населяющих америку. испания так и не выполнила условия договора и в 1506 г. колумб умирает забытым в одном из монастырей. до конца жизни мореплаватель верил, что открыл путь в индию.the discovery by portuguese sailors route to india caused the desire to find a way into the east country, and from other sailors. christopher columbus was one of those who changed the world order in the wake of these discoveries. spanish explorer of italian descent, christopher columbus (cristobal colon, was born in genoa) discovered america in 1492. this discovery glorified his name for many years to come. sources claim that he was the first sailor who crossed the atlantic ocean in the tropics and was the first european to visit the caribbean. even under the treaty with spain, which sponsored this expedition, columbus received the title of admiral and viceroy of the lands discovered by him. the journey of columbus to the caribbean was extremely exciting. he not only discovered the mainland of south america, but also all the great and lesser antilles, and several smaller islands in the caribbean. to america columbus sailed four times. the first voyage lasted from 3 august 1492 to 15 march 1493. in the expedition consisted of three ships - "santa maria", "pinta", "-nya". on board the ships were 90 people (the crews of the ships consisted of convicted criminals). they went out from the port of palaia. in this journey, and america was discovered. european sailors first landed on the islands of the caribbean sea. islands called guanahani (now the bahamas), hispaniola (now haiti), juana (cuba). sailors of the time could only envy. not everyone had the chance to become the discoverer of a tropical paradise. this voyage of columbus begins expansion of spain in the new world. but it is interesting that the explorer believed them to open new lands surroundings of china and india. ocean from the south sea ( mar del sur - the so-called pacific ocean for
Объяснение:
Топик Great Britain (3)
The UK of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland occupies the territory of the British Isles. It consists of 4 main countries which are England, Scotland, Wales and Nothern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff and Belfast. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland is the official name of the state which is sometimes referred to as Great Britain or Britain (after it major island), England (after its major historic part or the British Isles). The UK is an Island state - it is composed of about 5500 islands, large and small. The two main islands are: Great Britain to the east and Ireland to the west. They are separated by the Irish Sea. The area of the UK is 244,100 square kms. It is situated off to the northwest coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the north and the North Sea on the east and is separated from the European continent by the English Channel (or La Manche) and the Straits of Dover (or Pas de Calais). The population of the UK is over 57 mln people. The UK is inhabited by the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish who constitute the British nation. English is not the only language. Scottish, Welsh and Irish are also used. The flag of the UK is known as the Union Jack. It has its history. It all began in 1603 when Scotland was joined to England and Wales. The flag is made up of 3 crosses. The upright cross is the Cross of St. Jeorge, the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross is the cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. All of them are on the blue background. The national currency is pound. Geographically the island of Great Britain is subdivided into 2 main regions: Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises southern and eastern England. Highland Britain consists of Scotland, most of Wales, the Pennines (or the Pennine Chain) and the Lake District. The highest mountain top is Ben Nevis in Scotland. The chief rivers of Great Britain are: the Severn, separating England and Wales, the Thames (the longest and the deepest one). The swiflest flowing river is the Spray. Also the Tweed is famous (the woolen fabric is made here). There are many lakes in Great Britain. The Lake District is the most beautiful. The largest are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Bristol, Leeds, Cardiff. The capitals are: London in England, Edinburgh in Scotland, Cardiff in Wales and Belfast in Northern Ireland. Every country has its own national emblem. The red rose is the national emblem of England the thistle is the national emblem of Scotland the daffodils and the leek are the emblems of Wales and the shamrock (a kind of clover) is the emblem of Ireland.