Revolution that erupted from two volcanoes Like the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, these eruptions blew large amounts of sulphurous ash into the atmosphere, partly blocking the sun`s rays and temporarily cooling the climate.
France in 1789 was already bankrupt because of a long war in America. The government was threatened by a plot to organise riots financed by an ambitious aristocrat who wanted to become king. 1___The result of the eruptions was several years of cold, wet weather in Europe. Two violent storms in 3788 and 1789 destroyed the harvest in many parts of the 20 country and the resulting shortage of corn was made worse by the Finance Minister`s refusal to import corn from abroad on the grounds that the state could not afford it.
2___ When the people of France saw wagons full of 25 com go through their village streets they said, ‘There is plenty of com, but not for us: it`s for the king, the aristocrats, the rich who have plenty to eat while we go hungry.’ And then the maddened people would throw the sacks of corn into the nearest river.
Another volcanic eruption - in Indonesia in April 1815 - may have helped cause Napoleon’s defeat at the battle of Waterloo. 31816 was called the ‘year without a summer’. Torrential
rains marked the beginning of the Waterloo campaign, creating 35 deep mud which for many hours prevented Napoleon from moving his big guns.
The French revolution is one of many examples where a change of climate was the final blow to an already threatened society.
40 The Little Ice Age, which started about AD 1400, threatened the Scandinavian colony in Greenland. 4 They might have survived if, instead of sticking to their aristocratic society, they had moved from farming to hunting, like the Eskimos who replaced them.
At about the same period the great civilization of the Mayas in Yucatan faced ever worsening droughts. 5This had the opposite effect to that intended, since forcing people into the army meant they had to leave their land.
{5}
Task 2. Find words or phrases in the article which mean:
• For a short time (paragraph 1)
• Financially ruined time (paragraph 2)
• For the reason that (paragraph 2)
• Made angry (paragraph 3)
• Very heavy rain (paragraph 3)
{5}
1. We were glad to hear that no one was hurt in the earthquake.
2. Be very careful. Don't forget to lock the door!
3. George made us visit the museum of Fine Arts.
4. Let me solve this problem on my own.
5. We're looking forward to meeting our colleagues.
6. Teams of doctors tried to help the hurricane victims.
7. There's no point in worrying about final exams!
I didn't use to get up early.
Why don't you try wearing formal clothes.
Did you remember to send faxes?
Can you please stop taking messages.
He didn't mean to file papers.
Let me arrange appointments and meetings.
Alex doesn't mind going on business trips.
You should avoid using a computer.
Предприятия общественного питания -- food service establishments;
Важный компонент обслуживания -- important component of operation;
Создаёт представление (имидж) -- creates an image;
Ресторан быстрого обслуживания -- quick-service restaurant;
Ограниченное количество блюд в меню -- a limited number of menu items;
Традиционный ресторан с обслуживанием столов -- the traditional table-service restaurant;
Детальное описание -- detailed description;
Привлечь внимание -- draw attention to;
Блюдо дня -- daily special;
Имеющиеся в распоряжении продукты питания -- available food products;
Работники кухни -- kitchen staff;
Чтобы надлежащим обслуживать гостей -- in order to properly serve customers;
Шеф-повар разрабатывает меню -- a chef designs a menu;
Обслуживающий персонал -- server.