с заданием
Discovery of Pluto
Fill in the blanks with the proper words given before the text: carry, constellation, dim, discovered, distant, existence, force, initiated, orbit, search, visible
Pluto was the third planet
to be (1) ___, as opposed to the six planets that had been (2)___ in the sky to the naked eye since ancient times. Its (3)___ had been postulated on the basis of apparent perturbations of the motions of Uranus and Neptune, which suggested that a more (4)___ planet was gravitationally disturbing the two then outermost planets. It is now known that these perturbations were spurious; Pluto’s small mass could not have produced a gravitational (5)___ strong enough to be the source of the peculiar motions. Thus, the discovery was a remarkable coincidence attributable to careful observations rather than to accurate calculations.
The (6)___ for the expected ninth planet was supported most actively at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff in the early 20th century. It was (7)___ by the founder of the observatory, Percival Lowell, an American astronomer who had achieved notoriety through his highly publicized claims of canal sightings on Mars.
After two unsuccessful attempts to find the planet prior to Lowell’s death in 1916, an astronomical camera with a 13-inch objective was built specifically for this purpose in 1929, and a young amateur astronomer, Clyde Tombaugh, was hired to (8)___ out the planetary search. Less than one year after he began his work, on February 19, 1930, Tomabaugh found Pluto in the (9)___ Gemini. The new planet appeared as a (10)___ “star” that slowly changed its position against the fixed background stars as it pursued its 248-year (11)___ around the Sun.
b. After school, she got a job as a waitress for six months.
c. The factory workers get their wages every Friday.
d. My dad had a long and successful career as a lawyer.
e. Julie has a part-time job because she has children to look after.
f. Jack was made redundant after twenty years.
g. Sally started working in 1965 and retired in 2005.
h. His yearly salary is about 40,000 euros.
i. Bill got the sack because he was dishonest.
j. The company treats its employees very well.
Annual emissions of polluting substances in atmospheric air is about 48-50 thousand tonnes, of which only solids of about 11 thousand tons, gases and liquids – about 37 thousand tons, sulfur dioxide – 2.5 thousand tons, hydrocarbons – 7 thousand tons. The number of enterprises that pollute the environment, Acron, CHP of JSC "Novgorodenergo", JSC "Borovichi refractories plant". Despite the fact that many enterprises moderniziriruyutsya production base, and new equipment is installed, the environmental situation in General leaves much to be desired.
The main problem – air pollution is particularly acute in the major cities of the Novgorod region. For example, in Staraya Russa, the share of transport emissions accounts for about 80 percent of total emissions. Only in the last three years the volume of emissions into the air increased by 20 thousand tons.
Another environmental problem of the region - state water resources. Annually by the water users who are in different statuses, forms of ownership, was taken over 130 million cubic meters of clean water. Water consumption occurs irreversible way, with almost a third of the water is lost during transportation. The discharge of waste water in pools, local rivers is under the control of the controlling organizations, but the state of pure water is close to the critical point.
Study of water samples taken in different reservoirs, are the results of about 78 units for the sanitary-chemical indicators, and of the order of 33-35 units for microbiological indicators. Experts say that the annual discharge of sewage waters in the volume around 70 million cubic litres. It is from this indicator depends on the quality of drinking water in the region.
In the Novgorod region there are 72 wastewater treatment facilities and more than 250 stations physical-chemical treatment, they belong to different utilities of the region. In the process of purification of waste water brought to Sanmina established norms. But most treatment facilities have already outlived their usefulness and are in poor condition. Individual objects are not working effectively and therefore the definition of "insufficiently purified water in the Novgorod region is the place to be.
Environmental experts say that the natural sources of Veliky Novgorod have their own peculiarities of underground waters have a high content of salts of heavy metals, which affects the quality and security of supply of population with tap water. According to General Russian standards for drinking water of Velikiy Novgorod is classified as "moderately polluted". And this is because the natural sources contain elements of manganese, copper, iron, and purification process is not effective enough.
The next problem of the region is the warehousing of hazardous waste which are residues of raw materials and semi-finished products. They are classified as hazardous and moderately hazardous and non-hazardous. Hazardous wastes contain toxic, explosive and flammable substances, and placed in special landfills. For example, at the landfill "Krasny Yar" was recycled over 3 tons of toxic waste. Annually at the Novgorod landfills utilized up to 400 thousand tons of wastes which are classified as hazardous.