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01.12.2022 04:19 •  Английский язык

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Sore throats are common in children and can be painful. However, a sore throat that is caused by a virus does not need antibiotics. In those cases, no specific medicine is required, and a child should get better in seven to ten days. In other cases, a sore throat could be caused by an infection called streptococcal (strep throat). Strep throat cannot be accurately diagnosed by simply looking at the throat. A lab test or in-office rapid strep test, which includes a quick swab of the throat, is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of strep. It's very important that a child take the antibiotic for the full course, as prescribed, even if the symptoms get better or go away. Steroid medicines are not an appropriate treatment for most cases of sore throat. Although strep spreads mainly through coughs and sneezes, a child can also get it by touching a toy that an infected child has played with.
Ear Pain is common in children and can have many causes—including ear infection (otitis media), swimmer's ear (infection of the skin in the ear canal), pressure from a cold or sinus infection, teeth pain radiating up the jaw to the ear, and others. To tell the difference, a pediatrician will need to examine a child's ear. In fact, an in-office exam is still the best way for a pediatrician to make an accurate diagnosis. If a child's ear pain is accompanied by a high fever, involves both ears, or if a child has other signs of illness, a pediatrician may decide that an antibiotic is the best treatment. Many true ear infections are caused by viruses and do not require antibiotics.
Bladder infections, also called urinary tract infections or UTIs, occur when ¬bacteria build up in the urinary tract. A UTI can be found in children from infancy through the teen years and into adulthood. Symptoms of a UTI include pain or burning during urination, the need to urinate frequently or urgently, bedwetting or accidents by a child who knows to use the toilet, abdominal pain, or side or back pain. A child's doctor will need a urine sample to test for a UTI before determining treatment.
Bronchiolitis is common in infants and young children during the cold and flu season. A doctor may hear "wheezing" when a child breathes. Instead, most treatment recommendations are geared toward making a child comfortable with close monitoring for any difficulty in breathing, eating, or signs of dehydration. Medicines used for patients with asthma (such as albuterol or steroids) are not recommended for most infants and young children with bronchiolitis. Children who were born prematurely or have underlying health problems may need different treatment plans.
Pain. Narcotic pain medications are not appropriate for children with common injuries or complaints such as sprained ankle, ear pain, or sore throats. Codeine should never be used for children as it's been associated with severe respiratory problems and even death in children.
Common Cold is caused by viruses in the upper respiratory tract. Many young children—especially those in child care—can get 6 to 8 colds per year. Symptoms of a cold (including runny nose, congestion, and cough) may last for up to ten days. Green mucus in the nose does not automatically mean that antibiotics are needed; common colds never need antibiotics. However, if a sinus infection is suspected, a doctor will carefully decide whether antibiotics are the best choice based on child's symptoms and a physical exam.