Task 3. Reading 2. Read the text and choose the correct options
Not many people really deserve the title "genius" but Albert Einstein was one of them. His discoveries have changed the way we understand our world today. Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He was a very slow learner at first. He even had trouble learning to speak! His parents were really worried. As a boy, Albert Einstein was very unhappy at school. His teachers treated him badly because they thought he wasn't very clever. His marks were usually bad. In 1896, Albert went to Zurich to study at one of the best technical universities. There his abilities in mathematics and physics began to show. After he graduated in 1902, Einstein took a job at the Swiss Patent Office. 1905 was his "Miracle Year", as he published three important essays including one on the "Special Theory of Relativity". Later Einstein wrote "The Theory of Gravity" and "The General Theory of Relativity". Soon he became a worldwide celebrity.
In 1914, Einstein moved back to Berlin. In 1921, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics, and modestly travelled third class to Stockholm to receive it. He used his influence to lecture around Europe and the USA to promote world peace. Soon the Nazis came to power in Germany. So in 1933, he had to go to America where he lived for the rest of his life. He died on April 18th, 1955 in New Jersey, leaving behind a new way for us to look at the world.
1. The best title for the text is
a)Albert Einstein: the Unknown Genius.
b)Albert Einstein: the Greatest Scientist of the 20th Century.
c)Albert Einstein: a Worldwide Lecturer.
2. Albert Einstein
a)was a real genius.
b)could hardly be regarded as a genius.
c)is a real genius for some people.
3. Albert's progress at school
a)was not very good.
b)was very good.
C)was not good at all.
4. Albert's abilities in mathematics became evident during his
a)school years.
b)college years.
c)university years.
5. Albert Einstein
a)thought that only science was important.
b)believed that scientists had a duty to protect the world.
c)was sure the main aim of any person's life was fighting for peace.
6. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for
a)Physics.
b)Theory of Relativity.
c)Chemistry.
7. His fame was
a)necessary for his future career.
b)the only thing why he did researches.
c)not important for him.
8. Einstein worked on his famous theories in the
a)20th century.
b)19th century.
c)19th and 20th centuries.
Many still believe that in the pre-Petrine era in Russia did not teach anything. Moreover, education itself was then allegedly persecuted by the Church, requiring only that students somehow recited prayers by heart and gradually dismantled printed liturgical books. Yes, and taught, they say, only the children of the priests, preparing them to take orders. Those same from nobility, who believed in truth "teachings - light...", entrusted the education of their offspring discharged from abroad foreigners. The rest were " in the darkness of ignorance."
All this refutes Mordovtsev. In his research, he relied on a curious historical source that fell into his hands - "ABC". In the Preface to the monograph devoted to this manuscript, the author wrote the following: "at present I have the opportunity to use the most precious monuments of the 17th century, which have not been printed anywhere, are not mentioned and which can serve to explain the interesting aspects of ancient Russian pedagogy. These materials consist in a lengthy manuscript called " ABC "and contains several different textbooks of the time, composed by some "pioneer", partly copied from other, the same publications, which were entitled by the same name, although different content and had a different number of sheets.
After examining the manuscript, Mordovtsev makes the first and most important conclusion: in Ancient Russia, schools as such existed. However, confirms this, and more ancient document - the book "Stoglav" (collection of resolutions of the Stoglavy Cathedral, held with the participation of Ivan IV and representatives of the Boyar Duma in the years 1550-1551). It contains sections on education. In them, in particular, it is defined that schools are allowed to contain persons of a spiritual rank if the applicant receives on that permission from the Church administration. Before giving him one, it was necessary to test the thoroughness of his own knowledge of the applicant, and from reliable guarantors to collect possible information about his behavior.
But how were the schools organized, how were they managed, who studied in them? "Stoglav" did not give answers to these questions. And now in the hands of the historian gets a few handwritten "ABC Books" - books very curious. Despite its name, it is, in fact, not textbooks (they have no alphabet, no scripts, no teaching account), but rather a guide for the teacher and detailed instructions to students. It spelled out the full daily routine of the student, by the way, concerning not only the school, but also the behavior of children outside it.
Cheyenne, Crow, Blackfoot, Assyniboin, Gwanthra, Sioux (they are also Dakotas and Lakotas), etc.
The French appeared in this area in 1742. The territory of modern Montana east of the Rockies is part of Louisiana, bought from France in 1803. At the beginning of the XIX century, the area was explored during the expeditions of Lewis and Clark. Mehtorgovtsy and missionaries founded a number of settlements in the early XIX century.
In the period 1848-1864 biennium. various parts of Montana were part of various federal territories, such as:
Oregon (1848-1859), Washington (1853-1863), Idaho (1863-1864) and Dakota (1861-1864).
In the 1850s, solid deposits of gold and copper were discovered within the future Montana. May 26, 1864 Montana received the status of the federal territory of the United States. The name of the territory (and then the state) comes from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Its first capital was Bannack. The first governor was Sidney Edgerton. In 1865, the capital of the territory was moved to Virginia City, and in 1875 - to the city of Helena.
In the late 1860s, several military forts were founded here, such as Fort Shaw, Kemp-Cook and Fort Smith. The colonization of Montana was accompanied by battles with the Indian tribes; the most famous happened in 1876 and became known as the Battle of Little Bighorn. The construction of the North Pacific Railway in 1883 led to a sharp increase in the population. The territory of Montana was incorporated into the USA on May 26, 1864, and on November 8, 1889, Montana was declared a state.