Tusya007

23.09.2020 20:24 •  Английский язык

Text В. PROBATION AND OTHER ALTERNATIVES TO PRISON Task 1. Skim the text. Where do the following sentences fit in the text? Put a number 1-6 into the empty brackets:

1) to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures as other people.
2) Largely inspired by overcrowded and no rehabilitative prisons
3) Since one typical condition of probation is to obey all laws,
4) to repay a debt to society for having committed the offence.
5) that he is supervised while living in the community by a probation officer.
6) it is likely that the court will conduct a probation recovering hearing.
Probation is a system that takes many different forms in different jurisdic-tions. However, that essentially involves the suspension of sentence on the of-fender subject to the condition (...). Common conditions of probation include: obey all laws (even petty laws like jaywalking have been known to land a pro-bationer back in jail); abide by any court orders, such as an order to pay a fine or restitution; report regularly to the probation officer; report any change of employment or address to the probation officer; abstain from the excessive use of alcohol or the use of any drugs; refrain from travel outside of the jurisdic¬tion without prior permission of the probation officer, and avoid certain people and places (for example, an offender convicted of assaulting his ex-wife may have as one condition of probation that he avoid any contact with his ex-wife or her family).
Probation officers also can check in on a probationer - at home or at work, announced or unannounced. Some probationers such as those convicted on drug charges are also subject to random searches and drug tests. Most courts have concluded that probationers do not have the same Fourth Amendment rights (...).
Most states limit when and under what circumstances a court may impose probation on a criminal defendant. For instance, some states do not allow a judge to impose probation on defendants who have a prior conviction for co¬caine sales. When deciding whether to give a defendant probation (where it's allowed), the judge will look at the defendant’s criminal record and the seri¬ousness of the crime. The judge will also consider: whether the crime was vio¬lent; whether the defendant is a danger to society; whether the defendant made or is willing to make restitution to the victim, and whether the victim was par¬tially at fault.
Defendants caught (either by police or probation officers) violating a con-dition of probation are subject to having their probation revoked and all or part of the original suspended jail or prison sentence reimposed. (...), a probationer who is rearrested on even a minor charge may then be subject to penalties for
both the current arrest and the probation violation.
If a probation violation is discovered and reported, (...). If the defendant violated probation by breaking a law, the probation revocation hearing will probably take place after the new offense has been disposed of. If the violation was not illegal as such (for instance, socializing with people the judge prohib¬ited a defendant from contacting), then the revocation hearing may take place. as soon as practicable after the violation is reported. Defendants are entitled to written notification of the time, place and reason for the probation revocation. Community Service
Judges can sentence defendants to perform unpaid community work called “community service” (...). The defendant may be required to perform com¬munity service in addition to receiving some other form of punishment, such as probation, a fine or restitution.
Miscellaneous “Alternative Sentences”
There are many different types of “alternative sentences.” Alternative sen-tencing is the buzzword for an increasingly visible movement in the criminal justice system. (...), some judges are beginning to work with prosecutors and defense lawyers to impose nontraditional sentences, especially in cases that don’t involve violence.