Упр. 3. ответьте на вопросы:
1. How is oil and gas industry historically regarded?
2. When did the development of the Russian oil and gas industry begin?
3. What does oil industry present for firms?
4. What is the most important task set for the gas industry?
5. What can gas industry initiate?
6. What led to a significant increase in the volumes of oil extraction in the first half of the 20th century?
7. The oil industry plays a significant role in Russia’s politics and foreign policy, does not it?
8. Are oil and gas more than commodities?
9. What is still a system-forming industry?
10. Why does Russia play an important part in the formation of word prices?
ТЕКСТ ПРИКРЕПЛЯЮ:
Text “Oil and Gas Industry of Russia”.
In Russia the oil and gas industry is historically regarded as being one of the most important sectors of the economy, as the revenue it generates forms a major component of the country’s budget. The oil and gas industry is currently the main source of the state’s tax revenues and currency revenues. Russia’s oil reserves are the third largest in the world. Russia is also a major producer of natural gas.
The development of the Russian oil and gas industry began in the mid-19th century with the development of oil deposits in the Northern Caucasus. The discovery and development of oil and gas deposits in the Volga, Urals, and Timan-Pechora areas led to a significant increase in the volumes of oil extraction in the first half of the 20th century. The development of major basins in Siberia, Timan-Pechora, the Caspian, and the Far East resulted in a record quantity of oil being extracted in 1988. Extraction levels fell at the beginning of the 1990s, but are now once again on the increase.
The oil industry plays a significant role in Russia’s macroeconomy, investment environment, infrastructure development, politics and foreign policy.
Given its central role in the economy, it is logical that oil is a significant driver of both domestic and foreign investment.
The Russian oil industry presents tremendous opportunities for firms, particularly in areas of engineering services, technical consulting and finance (raising capital, auditing).
Oil and gas are more than commodities and are also, tools of international power, components of foreign policy, elements of national security and a source of national pride.
Gas industry of the country is still a system-forming industry. It moves towards new economic relations following its own way, which is absolutely different from that of oilmen, coal miners or power engineers. The most important task set for the gas industry for the present is to be a reliable guarantor of supplying gas in required volumes, in due time and in due place both inside Russia and to European countries.
Gas industry not only stabilizes economy it also can initiate a breakthrough into a new technological era and facilitate deep structural transformation of the economy.
Russian gas industry is reach in unique industrial production experience, qualified stuff, it has assumed a position of a strategic operator on solvent gas markets in Europe, it disposes of colossal reserves of hydrocarbons, a unique natural resource base that, when reasonably used, ensures successful development of the industry for the next decades.
Russia plays a significant part in the formation of world prices owing to the large volumes of oil and gas that Russia supplies to the world market.
1. He looked up from his Cup of coffee he was stirring, but didn't drink. 2. Tom never wanted his mother knew what we all the time
did. C She saw it on their wet suits, they just swam. 4. The people she met seemed to know where she was or what she was doing there. 5. The machine was inserted a sheet of paper on which someone was learning to type. 6. When he came back, we tried to pretend we weren't talking about him. 7. Max picked up the book that he read, and turned down the corner of pages to mark the place. 8. I sat in the kitchen and smoked. Flora that was playing in the living room, came to see what I'm doing.
When I have a free time, I often listen to music of different genres. Classical music is the best when I want to relax. My favourite composer is Antonio Vivaldi. I love his series of violin concerts known as “The Four Seasons”. Vivaldi was born on March 4th 1678, in Venice. His father, Giovanni Battista, taught him to play the violin at the very young age. After Vivaldi learned how to play the violin, they toured Venice together playing music for people. By the age of 24 Antonio had a good music knowledge. He then started teaching it and soon he presented his first performance for the French Embassy. At the same time he started conducting the orchestra and staging concerts. His music then was full of drama. His violin-based works were marked by virtuosity. The complete collection of these works was published only in the 20th century.
Vivaldi is a great composer!