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20.05.2023 09:18 •  Английский язык

Выписать 10 глаголов, определив время и залог ! William Harvey was born at Folkestone, Kent, England in1578. Will, as he was called in the friendly family, had six brothers and two sisters. They were affectionate to each other, though a little afraid of the father, who was strict. William’s father was a merchant.

In 1588, when William was ten, he was sent to King’s College in

Canterbury. It was a place with strict discipline for those days, but

Will was used to discipline* and he worked very hard. Before Will left

school he decided to become a doctor. His father was very pleased and

sent him to Cambridge for medical training.

William Harvey took his Bachelor of Arts degree* at Cambridge

and went to the Padua University in Northern Italy, the most famous

medical school in Europe at that time. He was tutored by the scientist

and surgeon Hieronymus Fabricius.

Fabricius, the anatomy teacher, who was fascinated by anatomy,

discovered that the veins in the human body had one-way valves, which

allowed the blood to flow in one direction only. But he didn’t know

their function. They were open like a door when the blood flowed. The

discovery of the valves showed Harvey that there could be no passing

The Doctor Who Discovered the Circulation of the Blood of the blood to and fro along the same vein, as men had believed until his time.

It was Harvey who took the foundation of Fabricius’s teaching,

and went on to solve the question of what part the valves played in the

circulation of blood through the body. It was in Padua where William

got his first clue about* the circulation of the blood.

Harvey wanted to find out the facts by personal observation but

not from the writings of others. He watched the work of the heart of

living animals.

From such observations Harvey concluded rightly that the heart

beat* or pulse comes when the heart contracts, and that this contraction

forces the blood out from the heart into the arteries. This conclusion

was the result of his observations of the structure of the heart itself.

At the same time Harvey studied the blood flow in the veins. In one

experiment he bandaged the arms of living men. When William did so the

veins became swollen, and he could see them quite easily. On pressing*

the finger along a vein in the direction away from the heart Harvey found

that in fact that part of the vein was without blood. It confirmed vividly

that the veins allow the blood to pass only towards the heart.

At the age of twenty-four, in 1602, Harvey left Padua with his

degree of Doctor of Medicine and returned to England.

On his return from Italy in 1602, Harvey showed himself* as a

physician. His career was helped by his marriage to Elizabeth Browne,

daughter of Elizabeth 1’s physician, in 1604. Harvey decided to set up

in London and soon became a famous doctor.

In 1607 William Harvey was elected a Fellow of the Royal College

of Surgeons and Physicians at Bartholomew Hospital.

William Harvey had made little progress in his study of the heart

but he continued his experiments. He decided to tie threads round

arteries and veins. In this way he confirmed that the blood in the

arteries flows from the heart, while in the veins it flows towards the

heart.

In 1615 Doctor Harvey became an experienced lecturer at the

Royal College of Physicians. The next year, William Harvey began to

demonstrate his theories at the lectures.

During ten years Harvey retested his conclusions by repeated

experiments*. He was very cautious and did not want to publish his

results. Only under the great pressure of his friends his discoveries

became known to the world. His work was published (in Latin) in

Frankfurt, Germany, in 1628 under the title Anatomical Disquisition

on the Motion of the Heart and Blood, where Harvey explained how

the heart propelled the blood in a circular course through the human

body. His discovery was received with great interest in England, but his

book aroused much criticism and many doctors spoke against it. Some

of his patients thought that Harvey was mad and left him.

Soon medical men saw that William Harvey was right. Time passed

and they began to believe in his theory and when the Civil War of

1642–1649 began, Harvey was made court physician. He continued

to retain a close relationship with the royal family.

Harvey was a quiet and clever man. His calmness and skill in

experiment and his perfect understanding of the problem enabled

him to carry out scientific work which even today, more than three

hundred years later, compels the admiration of all those who study

the human body.

William Harvey died in 1657 and was buried in Hampstead Church

in Essex. That church has a special tower which was built by the Royal

College of Physicians in the 19th century. The tower was built to honour

William Harvey’s memory.