Хз мб вот это for the first time the idea of building the underground railway in moscow was discussed before the revolution. but the construction of the first section (from sokolniki to central park) was initiated only in 1932, and lasted 3 years. it was called the record period of time by the world press. the russian engineers carefully studied the existing underground systems abroad before working out their own project, which represents a significant improvement on the london system. the engineering difficulties were great mainly because much of the soil was composed of running sand*. fortunately most of the running sand lay close to the surface and it was found possible to use out-and-cover method** of construction under many of the streets. but in the center of the city where the line is 100 ft or more deep, the construction of tunnels was necessary. the moscow underground consists of a circle line, which runs round the city center, several radial lines crossing the city and connecting with each other and the lines running to the countryside. some constructional work is still going on. now the length of the underground lines reaches about 300 km. at present the moscow metro handles more than 5 million passengers each day. during peak hours trains run at a speed of 90 km per hour with the intervals of about 80 seconds. one train takes up to 1,500 passengers. for greater safety of travel all trains are inspected every 6-9 hours of running. being in operation for about 13 hours daily each metro train covers the distance equal to that from moscow to st. petersburg. the trains servicing the underground are supplied with low voltage direct current. the current is obtained from the third rail by special devices that are mounted beneath the motor coaches. rolling stock is completely replaced approximately once every four years. the moscow metro can compete with the underground railways in any of the european capitals in level of automation. at present experiments are being conducted with an “automatic driver”, i.e. with computer-controlled trains. the computer devices will help to relieve the nervous strain on the drivers and make it possible to increase the cruising speed*** of trains even more. these automatic devices have already been tested over the circle route by way of experiment.
In this essay i would like to describe as good as i can capital of Poland which is Warsaw. I think it is one of the best towns in Poland because of that how modern is it and how many interesting and eye-catching places you can see. First place which everyone who visits Warsaw should see is Palace of Culture and Knowdlege. Palace was bult so long time ago but it looks so luxurious and around that are many flowers, plants, just generally beautiful gardens which are just simply breathtaking. Second place which is worth to see is of course Science Centre "Copernicus". Inside that you can try to do many researches and see things which you cant see daily. I think these two places are the best ones in all Warsaw and trip from one to second would be really nice experience. Warsaw is really big town and you can find everything there. Its full of modern designed houses and offices but also places where you can just go for a walk. I really recommend that to everyone from poland and to all foreigners.
