Задание 5 Переведите текст. Составьте письменно индивидуальный словарь для данного текста из 10-15 слов и словосочетаний.
THE ERA OF THE GASOLINE-POWERED AUTOMOBILE
Inventors on both sides of the Atlantic discovered during the 1880s that technologies for making self-propelled carriages and wagons had progressed dramatically. Soon sundry vehicles powered by steam, internal combustion engines, and electricity were rolling across Germany, France and the USA. The first practical internal combustion engine was built by Etienne Lenoir, a Belgian living in France. Patented in 1860, his water-cooled contraption burned coal gas and was noisy and inefficient; even so, for two decades it had many buyers. Lenoir’s engine was a clear proof of concept to other inventors, especially in Europe.
Nicolaus Otto, a German, was one of many inspired by Lenoir’s technical and commercial success. Mechanically gifted, Otto sought to improve the Lenoir engine, and in the late 1870s he did. Otto’s four-cycle design embodied features that would become standard in gasoline automobile engines.
The cars of that time were very small, two-seated cars with no roof, driven by an engine placed under the seat. Motorists had to carry large cans of fuel and separate spare parts, for there were no repair or filling stations to serve them.
The Otto engine and the many clones it spawned, though intended to replace small steam engines in industry, inaugurated the era of the gasoline-powered automobile. Clearly, the compact internal combustion engine was a most suitable technology for the self-propelled vehicle.
Karl Benz, also a German, employed his own Otto-type engine to power a three-wheel carriage in 1885. These tri-wheelers, with a one-cylinder engine that developed 0,8 hp, were put on the market in 1887, perhaps the earliest commercial automobiles.
In 1891 Benz added a four-wheel motorized carriage to his company’s offerings. These automobiles sold well and were widely imitated. In the early 1890s, for example, Panhard et Levassor as well as Peugeot in France were peddling cars to the public. Henry Ford, however, was still a long way from building automobiles.
Vocabulary:
Sundry vehicles- различные трансп. средства spawn- размножаться,плодиться
Water-cooled contraption- охлаждаемое водой при открывать
Burn- сжигать suitable- подходящий
Proof- проба, испытание employ- служба
Seek (sought)- искать, добиваться, просить offering- предложение
Embodied features-заключенные в себе черты imitate- имитировать
Cans of fuel- канистры с топливом peddle- торговать
Spare parts- зап. части replace- заменять
Задание 6
Найдите в тексте синонимы к слову vehicle.
Задание 7
Заполните пропуски в предложениях в соответствии с содержанием текста и переведите их.
Inventors on both side of the Atlantic during the 1880s that technologies had progressed dramatically.
Patented in 1860, his water-cooled contraption and was and.
Otto’s four-cycle design that would become standard in engines.
Motorists had to carry and separate , for there were no or to serve them.
The compact internal combustion engine was a most for the .
Karl Benz his own Otto-type engine a three-wheel carriage in 1885.
Задание 8
Переведите вопросы. На основе ответов на вопросы кратко перескажите основное содержание текста на английском языке.
Who built the first practical internal combustion engine?
Who improved the Lenoir engine?
What era did the Otto engine inaugurate?
Who introduced the first commercial automobile?
1)Peter is washing his cat now.
2)Children are playing football.
3)Vicky is watching TV right now.
4)I am reading a novel at the moment.
5)They're dancing now.
6)You're going to school at the moment.
7)We are waiting for our friends.
8)Ben and Jessica are doing their homework.
9)Steve and I are playing computer games right now.
10)He is listening to music.
Отрицательная форма этих предложений.
1)Peter isn't washing his cat now.
2)Children aren't playing football.
3)Vicky isn't watching TV now.
4)I am not reading a novel at the moment.
5) They aren’t dancing now.
6)You’re not going to school at the moment.
7)We aren’t waiting for our friends.
8)Ben and Jessica aren’t doing their homework.
9)Steve and I aren’t playing computer games right now.
10)He isn’t listening to music.
Вопросы к этим предложениям.Все вопросы, представленные ниже относятся к общим вопросам (с do и does).Остальные типы вопросов изучаются в старших классах.
1)Is Peter washing his cat now?
2)Are children playing football?
3)Is Vicky watching TV now?
4)Am I reading a novel at the moment?
5)Are they dancing now?
6)Are you going to school at the moment?
7)Are we waiting for our friends?
8)Are Ben and Jessica doing their homework?
9)Are Steve and I playing computer games right now?
10)Is he listening to music?