Задание IV. Найдите в 3,4,6 абзаце текста предложения, в которых употребляется глагол во времени Past Simple Active, выпишите и переведите их на русский язык. 3 The Irwell and Mersey were made navigable by 1736, opening a route from Manchester to the sea docks on the Mersey. The Bridgewater Canal, Britain's first wholly artificial waterway, was opened in 1761, bringing coal from mines at Worsley to central Manchester. The canal was extended to the Mersey at Runcorn by 1776. The combination of competition and improved efficiency halved the cost of coal and halved the transport cost of raw cotton. Manchester became the dominant marketplace for textiles produced in the surrounding towns. A commodities exchange, opened in 1729, and numerous large warehouses, aided commerce. In 1780, Richard Arkwright began construction of Manchester's first cotton mill.
4 Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
6 Engineering firms initially made machines for the cotton trade, but diversified into general manufacture. Similarly, the chemical industry started by producing bleaches and dyes, but expanded into other areas. Commerce was supported by financial service industries such as banking and insurance. Trade, and feeding the growing population, required a large transport and distribution infrastructure: the canal system was extended, and Manchester became one end of the world's first intercity passenger railway—the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
Africa is the only place on the planet where the sun is hot and mercilessly all the time. After Eurasia, this continent is next in terms of land size and population density. Africa is washed by the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Also the borders of Africa are washed by the waters of the Mediterranean and Red Seas. This continent is the only one on the planet that is crossed by the equator, and therefore in the very center of the continent a large amount of precipitation falls all year round due to low pressure. There is never a bad and cold weather. The coolest temperature on the mainland is + 18 ° C.
Africa consists of 54 independent states, each of which is unique in its own way and has its own culture and traditions. The population of Africa is more than one billion people, among whom there are about three thousand tribes and more than one hundred nationalities. Mostly on the African mainland are dominated by Arabs and Algerians.
The history of Africa from the 7th to the 12th century tells us about the slave trade. Later, Africa repeatedly became a colony of great powers, and only in the 20th century did the continent achieve independence through wars and revolutions.
On the territory of African land is dominated by a lot of sandy deserts, tropical forests, vast pastures and savannas. On the continent there are many lakes, rivers, volcanoes and mountains.
The Sahara is the largest desert on the planet, where rainfall is rare. Groundwater sources form oases in the desert. Mount Kilimanjaro is Africa’s highest volcano. The Nile River is the second on the planet in its length.
Africa is rich in wildlife, especially large mammals, such as giraffes, rhinos, antelopes, buffaloes.
Перевод
Африка - единственное место на планете, где все время жарко и нещадно палит солнце. После Евразии этот материк является следующим по размерам суши и по плотности населения. Африка омывается Атлантическим и Индийским океанами. Также границы Африки омывают воды Средиземного и Красного морей. Этот континент - единственный на планете, который пересекается экватором, и поэтому в самом центре материка круглый год выпадает большое количество осадков из-за низкого давления. Там никогда не бывает плохой и холодной погоды. Самая прохладная температура на материке считается +18°C.
В состав Африки входят 54 независимых государства, каждое из которых по своему уникально, и имеет свою культуру и традиции. Численность населения Африки составляет более чем один миллиард людей, среди которых насчитывается около трёх тысяч племён и более ста национальностей. В основном на африканском материке преобладают арабы и алжирцы.
История Африки с 7 по 12 столетие рассказывает нам о торговле рабами. Позже, Африка неоднократно становилась колонией великих держав, и только в 20 - ом столетии континент через войны и революции добился независимости.
На территории африканской земли преобладает множество песчаных пустынь, тропических лесов, огромных пастбищ и саванн. На континенте имеется множество озер, рек, вулканов и гор.
Сахара - самая крупная пустыня на планете, где редко выпадают осадки. Подземные источники воды образуют в пустыне оазисы. Гора Килиманджаро - самый высокий вулкан Африки. Река Нил - вторая на планете по своей длине.
Африка богата представителями дикой природы, особенно крупными млекопитающими, такими как, жирафы, носороги, антилопы, буйволы.