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computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions called program and then carry out them. the modern world of high technology could not be possible without computers. different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout our society. they are used for the storage and handling of data, secret governmental files, information about banking transactions and so on.
computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing and they have enhanced modern communication systems. they are essential tools in almost every field of research, from constructing models of the universe to producing tomorrow's weather reports. using of different databases and computer networks make available a great variety of information sources.
there are two main types of computers, analog and digital, although the term computer is often used to mean only the digital type, because this type of computer is widely used today. that is why i am going to tell you about digital computers.
everything that a digital computer does is based on one operation: the ability to determine: on or off, high voltage or low voltage or — in the case of numbers – zero or one or do-called binary code. the speed at which the computer performs this simple act is called computer speed. computer speeds are measured in hertz or cycles per second. a computer with a «clock speed» of two thousand mhz is a fairly representative microcomputer today. it is capable of executing two thousand million discrete operations per second. nowadays microcomputers can perform from eight hundred to over three thousand million operations per second and supercomputers used in research and defense applications attain speeds of many billions of cycles per second.
digital computer speed and calculating power are further enhanced by the amount of data handled during each cycle. except two main types of computers, analog and digital there are eight generations of digital computers or processing units.
