Частота появления букв алфавита равна: буква а – 0,062, буква р – 0,04, буква у – 0,021, буква ж – 0,007. определить какое количество информации несет каждая буква алфавита.

{1}

const
 n = 5;
var
 a: array [1..n] of integer;
 i,k,x,l: integer;
 t: boolean;
begin
 for i := 1 to n do read(a[i]);
 k := 0;
 for i := 1 to n do
  begin
  t := true;
  x := a[i]; if x < 0 then x := -x;
  l := 1;
  while l <= x do l := l*2; l := l div 2;
  while t and (l > 1) do
    begin
    t := x >= l;
    if t then x := x - l;
    t := t = (x mod 2 <> 0);
    x := x div 2;
    l := l div 4;
    end;
  if t then k := k + 1
  end;
 write(k)
end.

{2}

const
 n = 10;
var
 a,d: array [1..n] of integer;
 i,j,k: integer;
begin
 for i := 1 to n do
  a[i] := 100 + random(900);
 for i := 1 to n do
  begin
  d[i] := 0;
  for j := 1 to a[i] do
    if a[i] mod j = 0 then
    d[i] := d[i] + 1;
  end;
 for i := 1 to n-1 do
  begin
  k := i;
  for j := i + 1 to n do
    if d[j] < d[k] then k := j;
  j := a[k];
  a[k] := a[i];
  a[i] := j;
  j := d[k];
  d[k] := d[i];
  d[i] := j;
  end;
 for i := 1 to n do
  write(a[i],' ')
end.

{3}

const
 n = 10;
 l = 3;
var
 a: array [1..n] of integer;
 m: array [1..l] of integer;
 i,j,k: integer;
begin
 for i := 1 to n do
  begin
  a[i] := random(1001);
  write(a[i],' ')
  end;
 writeln;
 for i := 1 to l do
  m[i] := -1;
 for i := 1 to n do
  begin
  j := 1;
  while j <= l do
    begin
    if (a[i] = m[j]) then j := l else
    if (a[i] < m[j]) or (m[j] = -1) then
      begin
      for k := l downto j+1 do
        m[k] := m[k-1];
      m[j] := a[i];
      j := l
      end;
    j := j + 1
    end;
  end;
 for i := 1 to l do
  if m[i] <> -1 then write(m[i],' ')
end.

Var a:array of integer;
n,i,p,i1,i2: integer;
begin
write('n = ');
readln(n);
SetLength(a,n);
Randomize;
a[0]:=random(50)+100;
write(a[0]:4);
for i:=1 to n-1 do
 begin
 a[i]:=a[i-1]-random(11);
 write(a[i]:4);
 end;
writeln;
p:=a[0]-a[n-1];
writeln('p = ',p);
i1:=0; i2:=n-1; 
repeat
i:=(i1+i2) div 2;
if a[i]>p then i1:=i1+1;
if a[i]<p then i2:=i2-1;
until (a[i]=p)or(i1>=i2);
if a[i]=p 
 then writeln('i = ',i) 
 else writeln('Искомого элемента нет');
end.

Пример:
n = 20
 142 139 135 129 120 120 120 113 107 106 104  99  89  88  81  72  71  70  60  54
p = 88
i = 13