с ответом на вопросы ) Marketing is more than just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer. It comprises all the stages between creation of the product and the after-market which follows the eventual sale. One of these stages is advertising. The stages are like links in a chain, and the chain will break if one of the links is weak.Advertising is therefore
as important as every other
stage or link, and each depends on the other
for success.
The product or service itself, its naming,packaging,pricing and distribution, are all reflected in advertising, which has been called the lifeblood of an organization. Without advertising, the products or services cannot flow to the distributors or sellers and on to the consumers or users.
Advertising belongs to the modern industrial world, and to those countries which are developing and becoming industrialised. In the past when a shopkeeper or stall-holder had only to show and shout his goods to a passers-by, advertising as we know it today hardly existed
Effect of urban growth. The need for advertising developed with the expansion of population and the growth of towns with their shops and large stores; mass production in factories; roads and railways to convey goods; and popular newspapers in which to advertise. The large quantities of goods being produced were made known by means of advertising to unknown customers who lived far from the place of manufacture.
Advertising grew with the development of media, such as the coffee-house newspapers of the seventeenth century, and the arrival of advertising agencies nearly
200 years ago, mainly to handle government advertising.
Advertising and the modern world. If one looks at old pictures of horse buses in, say, late nineteenth-century London one will see that they carry advertisements
for products famous today, a proof of the effectiveness of advertising. Thus the modern world depends on advertising. Without it, producers and distributors would be unable to sell, buyers would not know
about and continue to remember products or services, and the modern industrial world would collapse. If factory output is to be maintained profitably, advertising must be powerful and continuous. Mass production requires mass consumption which in turn requires advertising to the mass market through the mass media.
ответьте на вопросы по тексту (вопрос - ответ )
1.What part does advertising play in public life?
2.Why is advertising called the lifeblood of an organization?
3.Can you give examples of early forms of advertising?
4.What can you say about the development of advertising?
5.What are the channels advertising uses every day?
6.What is the role of mass media in advertising?
7.Why are so many people involved in the great business of merchandising?
Лучшим днем в году был тот день, когда моя семья праздновала Новый год. Мы купили новогоднюю елку и поставили ее в зале. Приходил Дед Мороз и подарил мне красивые подарки. Мы пели песни и танцевали вокруг елки. Мы ели салаты, пирожные и пиццу. Ночью мы не спали. Мы вышли на улицу и смотрели фантастические фейерверки. Это был самый счастливый день в моей жизни.
Cook has begun career of the seaman by the simple ship's boy on the trading brig-coal miner of "Frilav" belonging to ship-owners John and Henry Walkers, on a route London — Newcastle. In two years has been translated to Walker's other ship — «Three brothers».In three years, in 1755, Walkers have suggested it to accept command over "Frendship", however Cook has refused. Instead on June, 17th, 1755 it has registered the sailor in Royal navy fleet and later 8 days was given assignment on the 60-gun ship of "Needles". This fact in its biography results in bewilderment of some researchers — the reasons on which Cook has preferred heavy sailor's work of a captain's post in merchant marine fleet are unknown. But in a month after arrival Cook becomes the boatswain.On reaching a two-year experience, in 1757, James Cook successfully withstands examination on the master (English Sailing Master), and on October 27 is given assignment on the ship "Solebey" under command of captain Craig. Cook was at this time twenty nine years old. From the beginning of Seven-year war it is assigned to the 60-gun ship "Pembrok". "Pembrok" participated in blockade of the Bay of Biscay, then in February, 1758 was sent to the North American coast (Canada).